1. PROCESS vs PRODUCT Private Meandering “Random” links Thinking Public Linear Logical links Communicating

2. COMPARISON (Early Stages) Inventory & summary Item by item (linear/sequential) Mainly descriptive (some opinion) Quote + paraphrase Let the structure or sequence of the work determine the structure and/or sequence of your thought (argument)

3. COMPARISON (Middle Stages) Shift organizing principles away from the chronology of the narrative (fiction) or the sequence and summary of ideas (prose nonfiction) Find and explore alternative organizing principles such as: theme, style, use of literary or rhetorical devices, symbolism, narrative style Re-organize with longest and a strongest ideas first

4. COMPARISON (Advanced Stages) Introduce your own theory about what is happening in texts or what issues are being addressed (or ignored) Shift the organizing principles away from the text and toward YOUR ideas and agendas – an opinion or thesis

5. (Some) ELEMENTS of FICTION Theme Narrative (narratology) Imagery Plot Setting Characterization

6. NARRATORS – NARRATIVES (1.1) 1 ST 2 ND 3 RD person (singular plural) Limited – Unlimited Reliable – Unreliable Dramatic – Omniscient Linear, iterative, circular, teleological, retrospective

7. NARRATORS – NARRATIVES (1.2) Analepsis (flashback) and Prolepsis (flash forward) Showing vs telling Framing narratives Diegetic (heard-experienced by the characters) Non-diegetic (not heard by characters but heard by us)