1. Definitions Giving credit to a source for words and ideas from the source “a technical term for the procedure whereby writers identify the sources of their information” (Searles 238)

2. What needs to be documented? Exact words (quotations from sources) Ideas (paraphrase of source material) Statistics Visuals

3. Plagiarism Using a source’s words or ideas without giving the source credit; using those words and ideas as though they are your own Penalties: – In school: failing a project or class; withdrawal or expulsion – At work: loss of credibility; loss of position or job; possible legal action – Unintentional: lower grade or possible F on report – Intentional: possible F in class

4. Examples of Plagiarism See p. 239 Omitting documentation entirely Omitting quotation marks from quotations Failing to paraphrase thoroughly

5. Original: However much Abraham Lincoln believed in democracy, the American masses, in the half-century following their war-President's death, did not seem to believe in themselves. Paraphrase: No matter how much Abraham Lincoln believed in democracy, American masses did not appear to believe in each other in the half-century after their war-President's death. Paraphrase: The average American in the 50 years after Lincoln died possessed no self-confidence, despite the fact that Lincoln had a great deal of faith in democracy. Lewis, L. Myths after Lincoln. New York: Press of the Readers Club.

6. Documentation Styles MLA: Modern Language Association APA: American Psychological Association CBE: Council of Biology Editors ACS: American Chemical Society AMS: American Mathematical Society AIP: American Institute of Physics

7. Components of Documentation Bibliography—a list of sources Parenthetical Citation (In-text Citation)— identification of the source of each quotation, statistic, paraphrase, or visual in the text

8. Parenthetical Citation Identification of the source material in the text Refers a reader to the bibliography

9. Parenthetical Citation—MLA Provide the following information for each quote, paraphrase, statistic, visual, or other type of borrowing: 1.author’s or organization’s name (or shortened title of work if no author or organization is provided) 2.page number where information is found in source (if available)

10. Examples According to one industry expert, “No one person should have the power to decide the fate of an entire company” (Jones 45). Ruth Macklin points out that even people who feel strongly about embryo research would have a hard time arguing that the experiment should not take place at all (212).

11. Web site—no page number The Association of Business Professionals believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion. One organization believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion (Association of Business Professionals).

12. Interview—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and interview question. Sarah Janinsky, president of the company, believes that the business does need to expand its services (see Appendix A, Question 4).

13. Survey—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and survey question. According to a survey of IVCC students, 95% would like to see the buildings re-lettered to reflect correct alphabetical order (see Appendix B, Question 7).

14. Parenthetical Citation—APA Provide the following information for each quote, paraphrase, statistic, visual, or other type of borrowing: 1.author’s or organization’s name (or shortened title of work if no author or organization) 2.date of source 3.page number where information is found in source (if available)

15. Examples According to one industry expert, “No one person should have the power to decide the fate of an entire company” (Jones, 2006, p. 45). Ruth Macklin (2003) points out that even people who feel strongly about embryo research would have a hard time arguing that the experiment should not take place at all (p. 212).

16. Web site—no page number The Association of Business Professionals (2007) believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion. One organization believes that expansion of the industry’s services will require in excess of $2 billion (Association of Business Professionals, 2007).

17. Interview—considered personal communication (no References page entry); use reference to appendix and survey question. Sarah Janinsky (personal communication, April 5, 2009), president of the company, believes that the business does need to expand its services (see Appendix A, Question 4).

18. Survey—no page numbers; use reference to appendix and survey question. According to a survey of IVCC students (2009), 95% would like to see the buildings re- lettered to reflect correct alphabetical order (see Appendix B, Question 7).

19. Bibliography MLA: Works Cited APA: References

20. Guidelines for MLA and APA Place as last page of project. Center title on first line. Alphabetize list by author’s last name or by first important word of title. Indent all but first line one tab. More Info: IVCC Stylebook, Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)

21. Sample Entries—MLA Format Books Newspaper Articles Magazine Articles Journal Articles Interviews Online Sources E-mails Surveys

22. Student, John. “Student Survey: Computer Lab Space.” Illinois Valley Community College, Oglesby, IL. 15 Oct. 2009. Survey.

23. Sample References Entries—APA Format Books Newspaper Articles Magazine Articles Journal Articles Interviews Online Sources E-mails Surveys

24. Student, J. (2009, 15 Oct.). Student survey: Computer lab space. Illinois Valley Community College, Oglesby, IL.