1. THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

2. Background Historically, women have been considered intellectually inferior to men. They were seen as major sources of temptation and evil. Women were also considered naturally weaker than men Couldn’t sue Couldn’t own property etc.

3. Tides of Change Women started to challenge traditional American values. Short, bobbed hair Short hems on their skirts Listened to Jazz music Wore makeup Drank hard liquor Smoked cigarettes Treating sex in a more casual manner Were opposed to the conventional social and sexual norms

4. 19 th Amendment 1920, coincided The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”

6. Staton and Mott Organized The Senaca Falls meeting Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments

7. Education Was lacking Women were educated in the fine arts, cooking and sewing

8. Bradwell v. Illinois A woman, Bradwell, sued the state of Illinois because they refused to let her practice law. They refused on the basis of protecting the role of women in society, as wife and mother. Found constitutional under Ordinary Scrutiny, which allowed sex-based discrimination for legitimate government interest

9. Minor v. Happersett A married woman, (well her husband) sued under the 14 th amendment that women were given the right to vote. The state of Missouri denied Minor. Found constitutional under state’s rights reserved for elections

10. National Women’s Party Alice Paul formed Radical revolutionary Called for rallied support against all candidates that did not support suffrage Chained herself to the white house fence. Started a hunger strike Wilson folded… women get to vote!

11. 1960s Women’s roles were changing Women were working, which gave rise to new concerns 1963-Equal Pay Act 1972, Civil Rights act was amended to include women.

12. Heightened Scrutiny and Strict Scrutiny Heightened Scrutiny Must be substantially related to public interest Example: Not admitting women into the Marines. Strict Scrutiny Discrimination must be necessary Separate Bathrooms?

13. ERA Equal rights Amendment WAS NEVER RATIFIED

14. Staton and