1. Language in Public Speaking

2. Language in Public Speaking
Language is important
Meanings of words
Using language accurately
Using language clearly
Using language vividly
Using language appropriately

3. Language is important Kobe Bryant plays basketball good.
The hurricane yesterday is a terrible disaster.
You know?
Really?

4. Meanings of Words Denotative meaning
The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.
Connotative meaning
The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

5. Terrorists do not seek to negotiate with their opponents
Terrorists do not seek to negotiate with their opponents. They seek victory by using political and psychological pressure, including acts of violence that may endanger the lives of some people. To the terrorist, ultimate objectives are more important than the meanings used to achieve them.

6. Terrorists neither listen to reason nor engage in reasoning with others. Their aim is to generate fear – to frighten people into submission. They measure success by the magnitude of the fear they generate through brutal, savage acts of violence. Terrorists are prepared to kill to further whatever cause they claim to be pursuing. And the heinousness of these murders is accentuated by the fact that terrorists murder without passion. They murder with cool deliberation and deliberate planning. They are utterly amoral.

7. Meanings of words Which statement is preferable?
That depends on the audience, the occasion, and the speaker’s purpose.
Connotative meanings – Stir up the listeners’ emotions.
Denotative meanings – Try to be impartial on controversial issue.

8. Using Language Accurately
The story of “-istic”– Elegant? Or Inaccurate?
“We are going to streamline our paperwork to make it more simplistic. That’s the modernistic way to do things. With less paperwork, we’ll have more time to devote to the magazine, and that will be impressionistic to management.

9. approve/admire/praise/respect
Everyone in the class decided it was important to ___ each other’s right to voice her or his opinion.
Often the most encouraging thing you can do for a child is to ___ his or her creative efforts.
It is up to the manager to ___ the company’s new sales plan.
One cannot help but ___ the dedication of Olympic athletes who train for years to capture a gold medal.

11. Using Language Accurately
Use familiar words
When a pregnant mother consumes alcohol, the ethanol in the bloodstream easily crosses the placenta from mother to child and invades the amniotic fluid.
When the expectant mother drinks, alcohol is absorbed into her bloodstream and distributed throughout her entire body.

12. Using Language Accurately
Choose concrete words
Physical activity
Sports
Golf
Professional golf
Tiger Woods

13. Using Language Accurately
Eliminate Clutter
prior to VS before
in the eventuality of VS if
at this point of time VS now
He is best known to people in this day and age.
He is best known today.
He never surrendered to anyone his dignity or his personal devotion to the Sioux way of life.

14. Using Language Vividly
Imagery
a. concrete words
b simile
c. metaphor
Rhythm
a. parallelism
b. repetition
c. alliteration
d. antithesis

15. Using Language Appropriately
Appropriateness to the occasion
Appropriateness to the audience
Appropriateness to the topic
Appropriateness to the speaker

16. Exercises
Arrange each of the sequences below in order, from the most abstract word to the most concrete word.
housing complex, building, dining room, structure, apartment
Mona Lisa, art, painting, creative activity, portrait
automobile, vehicle, Ferrari, transportation, sports car

17. Exercises
Rewrite each of the following sentences using clear, familiar words.
My employment objective is to attain a position of maximum financial reward.
All professors at this school are expected to achieve high standards of excellence in their instructional duties.
In the eventuality of a fire, it is imperative that all persons evacuate the building without undue delay.

18. Identify the device(s) used in each statement
Identify the device(s) used in each statement. (metaphor, simile, parallelism, repetition, alliteration, antithesis) 1. “The vice presidency is the sand trap of American politics. It’s near the prize, and designed to be limiting.” 2. “We should not demean our democracy with the politics of distraction, denial, and despair.” 3. “America is not like a blanket – one piece of unbroken cloth, the same color, the same texture, the same size. America is more like a quilt – many patches, many sizes, and woven and held together by a common thread.