1. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

2.   After this lesson, you should be able to:  Identify ways that plant and animal cells are alike and different.  Describe the function of structures in cells. Objectives

3.   Some are made up of many cells:  Multicellular = made of many cells.  Examples - plants and animals.  Plant cells and animal cells have some things in common but are also different in some ways. All living things are made of cells

4.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Cell membranes: a thin layer that surrounds and holds a cell together.

5.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Their cells are filled with cytoplasm – a gel-like substance containing chemicals that the cell needs.

6.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Nucleus: the information and control center of the cell.  Contains the DNA: chemical that stores the information of the organism, the blue print of the organism.  Contains the nucleolus – makes ribosomes.

7.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Ribosomes: protein builders of the cell

8.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Mitochondria: Use oxygen to break down food and release energy (cellular respiration happens here).

9.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Vacuoles: sack that stores food, water, and waste products.

10.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Endoplasmic reticulum: system of tubes (passage ways) that transport proteins.

11.  Similarities  Both plants and animals have:  Golgi bodies: packages and sends proteins outside the cell. (the post office of the cell)

12.   Plant cells have:  Cell wall: the outer part of the plant cell that provides support and structure to the cell.  Animals do not have a cell wall. Differences

13.   Animal cells can have more than one nucleus, plant cells always have only one. Differences

14.   Plant cells have chloroplasts: where photosynthesis happens.  Animal cells use mitochondria for energy production. Plants primarily use chloroplasts to produce energy.  Remember, plants have mitochondria too.

15.  Differences  Animals usually have many small vacuoles. Plants usually have one large vacuole

16.   Animal cells have lysosomes: sack that has chemicals to break down substances like old cell parts and viruses. Differences

17.   Energy that living things need come from the sun.  Plants use light energy and turn it into chemical energy.  Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds between atoms of molecules. Cells store and use energy

18.   Plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make oxygen and sugar.  Chemical energy is stored between the atoms of the sugar molecule.  Molecule: the smallest piece of a substance that has the properties of the substance. Photosynthesis

19.   Energy is released when the bonds are broken.  Cells either use energy or stores it for later.  Mitochondria in plants and animals use oxygen to release the energy in the chemical bonds of food. Cellular respiration

20.   Cells store energy from food in high-energy ATP molecules.  ATP is broken down when the cell needs energy. Adenosine triphosphate

21.   The nucleus is the control center of the cell.  Contains DNA, a molecule that has instructions for all of the cells’s activities. Cells store and use information

22.   One activity – putting proteins together.  DNA and RNA work together to do this job Making proteins

23.   DNA in a cell’s nucleus determines what kind of cell it is.  DNA doubles when a cell divides so that two new cells will get the needed information to carry out all of life’s basic life activites. What kind of cell will it be?