1. Feudalism and the Manor After the attacks of the Barbarians the people of Europe wanted ________________ and __________________. security protection Kings in that time period (800 AD) had very little power and the major form of protection came from the local lords who awarded fiefs __________________ to vassals, __________________________ to add to the army. estates of land lesser lords or nobles So________________________ was the most important value of that day. If a nobleman owned a fief he was a wealthy man compared to the rest of society. land ownership In the Feudal system there were ____ classes of people: The ______________: religious men who taught Christianity and took care of the poor & sick 4 CLERGY The ______________: the upper class had the duty of enforcing the laws, and protecting the people. NOBLES ______________________ their duty was to the clergy and nobles by providing services and farming the land. PEASANTS & TOWNSPEOPLE _____________ were people of the lowest class who were tied to the land. If the land was sold, the serfs stayed with the land very much like SLAVES! SERFS

3. Life on the Manor All 4 classes of society depended on the ____________ for everything they needed. The lord of the manor lived in a castle with a small village of ____________ nearby. Peasants on the manor ________ the noble for the right to farm their own land. They had rights under the law. Almost all nobles were knights; they were expected to follow the ________________. Knights were actually the ________________ on the manor. Serfs and their descendants were the noble ’ s _________________. They could not move to another property or marry without the noble ’ s ________________. LAND COTTAGES SOLDIERS PAID PROPERTY PERMISSION Serfs and peasants had to pay the lord to use the village ’ s mill, bread oven and wine press. There were certain ____________ and discoveries that started to make the Life of the farming peasant easier by the 11th century. INVENTIONS CODE of CHIVALRY Some things that helped farming in the later Middle Ages were the ________________ of crop rotation, the ______________________ plow, the horse collar and horse shoes. 3-FIELD SYSTEM CURVED IRON

4. Becoming a Knight A noble began training to be a knight when he was 7 years old. He was called a ________________ and he was responsible for chores in the castle and _______ the knight ’ s armor. He was taught good manners and ran errands for ladies! PAGE POLISHING By age 14 the page had learned to handle a sword while on horseback. He next became a __________. His duty was to go into battle with his knight. If the knight was wounded the squire had to rescue the knight. SQUIRE If the squire proved to be a good _________ he was rewarded by being made a knight. FIGHTER In a ____________ ceremony the squire knelt before his lord and promised to defend the Church, his lord and the weak. The Lord tapped the knight with the flat side of the sword when he was knighted. DUBBING Knights trained for war by fighting each other in ______________, contests of strength. TOURNAMENTS The ________ was the most popular event. From opposite sides of the field the knights would charge towards each other on horseback and try to unseat the other with a lance. JOUST

6. Life in the Castle Nobles were both lords and __________. A vassal was a noble who served a lord of higher rank and gave him _________. In return the lord ________ the vassal. All nobles were ultimately the vassal of the king. Sometimes kings were vassals to another king. Vassals had to make ________________ to their lord. If the lord was captured in battle, his vassal could become a ______________________ in his lord ’ s place. If the vassal __________ to perform his duties then the Lord could take the vassal ’ s fief. In the early days of the Middle Ages most nobles and their families lived in wooden houses surrounded by a __________________, a high wooden fence built for _________________. In case of attack, people from the village would take shelter inside the palisade. Inside the Lord ’ s house, the fires used to cook the meal, were also used to heat the house. In the later Middle Ages the nobles lived in ________________________, similar to __________________. Besides the typical __________ (water around the castle)and drawbridge the castle also had a ____________ (a tall tower with thick walls)where people went for _______________________. VASSA LS LOYAL TY PROTECT ED FAILE D PAYMEN TS PRISONE R PALISA DE PROTECTI ON STONE CASTLES FORTRESS ES MOA T KEE P PROTECTIO N