1. SOLUTIONS
Section 8.1
and 8.2 1

2. Solution There are 2 components to every solution:
Solute—A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution
Solvent—The substance in which the solute dissolves
The solution takes the state of the solvent

3. Solid=Stainless steel
Solute
(getting dislvd)
Solvent
(doing disslvn)
Solution
(solute+solvnt)
Gas
Gas=Air
Liquid
Gas=Water in air
Liquid=Soda
Liquid=Vinegar
Solid
Liquid=Sugar water
Solid=Stainless steel 3

4. Substances can dissolve in water in 3 ways:
1. Dissociation—ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves
2. Dispersion—process involves breaking into smaller pieces
3. Ionization—Neutral molecules gain or lose e- 4

5. PROPERTIES OF LIQUID SOLUTIONS
The 3 physical properties of a solution that vary from those of its solute & solvent are:
1. Conductivity
2. Freezing point
3. Boiling point 5

6. FACTORS AFFECTING RATES OF DISSOLVING
1. Surface Area
2. Stirring
3. Increasing Temperature 6

7. Star Questions Particles that are dissolved in a solution Solute
Process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering is called
Dispersion
Name the 2 components of a solution
Solvent and solute

8. SOLUBILITY & CONCENTRATION
Solubility is the max amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent & a constant temp
usually expressed as g/100g of water
Ex: 36g NaCl in 100g of 20ºC H2O 8

9. 3 types of solutions
Saturated solns hold as much solute as solvent can hold at a given temp
Unsaturated solns have less than the max. amt of solute that can be dissolved 9

10. 3 types of solutions
Supersaturated solns contain more solute than it normally hold at a given temp
if heat a saturated
soln what happens?

11. FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
1. Polarity of solvent— “Like dissolves like” meaning a polar solvent will dissolve a polar solute or vice versa
N2 & O2 are nonpolar molecules, they mix well to give soln air
H2O & NaCl are polar, = saltwater
H2O (polar) & Oil (nonpolar)
do NOT MIX 11

12. 2. Temperature—increases solubility of a solid in a liquid but a gas becomes less soluble (decreases) at higher temperatures (temp increases)
3. Pressure—Increasing pressure on a gas increases its solubility in a liquid

13. 13

14. Which substance does not greatly increase as the temperature is increased?
NaCl
Which substance increases the most as temperature is increased?
KNO3
Which substance decreases in solubility, as the temperature is increased?
Ce2(SO4)3

15. If 50g of KCl are dissolved in 100g of water at 50oC, what type of solution is formed?
Supersaturated
Which substance is the most soluble at 0oC?
NaNO3
Which substance is least soluble at 0oC?
KClO3

16. Which 2 substances have the same solubility at 60oC?
NaCl and K2Cr2O7
At 30oC which substance, Pb(NO3)2 or KNO3, can form the more concentrated solution?
Pb(NO3)2

17. Above line supersaturated
Below line unsaturated
On line saturated

18. Star Questions Name 3 physical properties of solution 1. Conductivity
2. Freezing point
3. Boiling point
Name 3 factors that affect rate of dissolving
1. Surface Area
2. Stirring
3. Increasing Temperature
Name the 3 types of solutions
Supersaturated, saturated, unsaturated

19. Which of the salts shown on the graph is the least soluble in water at 10oC?
KClO3
2. Which of the salts shown on the graph has the greatest increase in solubility as the temperature increases from 30 degrees to 60 degrees?
KNO3
3. Which of the salts has its solubility affected the least by a change in temperature?
NaCl
4. At 20oC, a solution of sodium nitrate contains 100 grams of solute in 100 ml of water. What type of solution is formed?
supersaturated
1st solubility graph with worksheet, have student read bullets on worksheet then complete a couple of the questions together
5. At what temperature do saturated solutions of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate contain the same weight of solute per 100 mL of water?
~71oC

20. 10. What state of matter is NH3? Gas How do you know?
6. What two salts have the same degree of solubility at approximately 19oC?
NaCl & NH4Cl or KNO3 & KCl
7. How many grams of potassium chlorate must be added to water to produce a saturated solution at 50oC?
~21g
8. Thirty grams of KCl are dissolved in 100 mL of water at 45oC. What type of solution is formed?
unsaturated
9. What temperature is needed for 30. grams of KCl to dissolve in 100 mL of water in order form a saturated solution?
~10OC
10. What state of matter is NH3?
Gas
How do you know?
Decreased solubility as temperature increased
Are the following solutions saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated
11. a) 40. g of KCl in 100 mL of water at 80oC un
11. b) 120. g of KNO3 in 100 mL of water at 60oC
super
11. c) 80. g of NaNO3 in 100 mL of water at 10oC
saturated

21. Use the different colors for each compound!
Temperature
0oC
20oC
60oC
100oC
(red) Ba(OH)2
1.67 g
3.89 g
20.94 g g
(blue) CuSO4
23.10 g
32.00 g
61.80 g g
(yellow) KCl
28.0 g
34.2 g
45.8 g
56.30 g
(green) NaNO3
73.0 g
87.6 g
122.0 g g