1. The Roman Republic

2. Geography & Environment

3. The Italian Peninsula Italy is a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean SeaItaly is a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea POSITIVES:POSITIVES: Rich soil & mild climateRich soil & mild climate Attracted colonistsAttracted colonists

4. Mediterranean Sea

5. The Italian Peninsula NEGATIVES:NEGATIVES: Mosquito infested swamps resulted in epidemics of malaria & other diseasesMosquito infested swamps resulted in epidemics of malaria & other diseases

6. The Alps contributed to geographic isolationThe Alps contributed to geographic isolation Rocky & marshy coastline lacked good harborsRocky & marshy coastline lacked good harbors The Italian Peninsula

7. Alps

8. Rocky Coast

9. The Early People of Italy

10. Early Peoples The Etruscans:The Etruscans: Ruled in northern Italy from 900 BC to 500 BCRuled in northern Italy from 900 BC to 500 BC Heavily influenced those that followed them, especially the ancient RomansHeavily influenced those that followed them, especially the ancient Romans

11. Influences:Influences: The usage of brickThe usage of brick Construction of city streetsConstruction of city streets Creation of the FORUMCreation of the FORUM Religious beliefsReligious beliefs Early Peoples

12. Latins:Latins: First settlers of Rome (1000 BC)First settlers of Rome (1000 BC) Greeks:Greeks: Settled in southern Italy on the island of SicilySettled in southern Italy on the island of Sicily

13. The Republic

14. Social Structure

15. Social Groups PATRICIANS:PATRICIANS: Wealthy, aristocratic citizens of RomeWealthy, aristocratic citizens of Rome Declared Rome a republic when the Etruscans were driven from powerDeclared Rome a republic when the Etruscans were driven from power

16. Social Groups PLEBIANS:PLEBIANS: Nonaristocratic townspeople; landowners, merchants & laborersNonaristocratic townspeople; landowners, merchants & laborers Majority of Roman populationMajority of Roman population

17. Social Groups BOTH Patricians & Plebeians could:BOTH Patricians & Plebeians could: Be citizensBe citizens VoteVote Pay taxesPay taxes Join the armyJoin the army

18. Social Groups PRIMARY DIFFERENCE:PRIMARY DIFFERENCE: Patricians COULD hold public officePatricians COULD hold public office Plebeians COULD NOT hold public officePlebeians COULD NOT hold public office

19. Political Structure

20. Republic:Republic: A form of government in which power rests with the citizensA form of government in which power rests with the citizens Citizens have the right to select their leadersCitizens have the right to select their leaders The Roman Republic

21. Who was allowed to vote?Who was allowed to vote? FREE-BORN MALE CITIZENSFREE-BORN MALE CITIZENS The Roman Republic

22. STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC: SenateSenate ConsulsConsuls DictatorDictator

23. The Roman Republic Senate:Senate: The “Legislative” BranchThe “Legislative” Branch Group of officials who created lawsGroup of officials who created laws

24. Consuls:Consuls: The “Executive” BranchThe “Executive” Branch Two senators elected to rule the government for one year at a timeTwo senators elected to rule the government for one year at a time The Roman Republic

25. Dictator:Dictator: In the event of a war, the Roman people chose a dictator who ruled for 6 months at a timeIn the event of a war, the Roman people chose a dictator who ruled for 6 months at a time Possessed complete controlPossessed complete control

26. Conflict

27. Plebeians vs. Patricians 499 BC499 BC Plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless they were given more POLITICAL POWERPlebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless they were given more POLITICAL POWER Patricians agreed to grant more power to the Plebeian class by establishing the TRIBUNEPatricians agreed to grant more power to the Plebeian class by establishing the TRIBUNE

28. Plebeians vs. Patricians Tribunes:Tribunes: Chosen representatives of the plebeian classChosen representatives of the plebeian class Could veto government decisionsCould veto government decisions Plebeians could now hold public officePlebeians could now hold public office