1. Toxics Use Reduction Institute Tools for Substitution How to find an alternative cleaning product that will work for you – both for performance and safety

2. Selecting an Alternative When choosing an alternative –Don’t shift the risk From worker to environment OR From environment to worker –Ex. Replacing flammable solvent with a ozone depleting chemical –Want to select a product that is safer for one or the other Would be best if safer for both

3. What are Indicators at TURI’s Lab? The lab uses five criteria for screening products –Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) –Global Warming Potential (GWPs) –Ozone Depletion Potential (ODPs) –Hazardous Material Information System/ National Fire Protection Association (HMIS/NFPA) –pH

4. How to Use the Indicators Incorporate into the product selection process Each product assessed using indicators Why These Five Indicators?

5. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature –The term “organic” indicates that the compounds contain carbon –VOC exposures are often associated with an odor while other times there is no odor Both can be harmful –There are thousands of different VOCs produced and used daily Acute –Eye irritation / watering –Nose irritation –Throat irritation –Headaches –Nausea / Vomiting –Dizziness –Asthma exacerbation Chronic –Cancer –Liver damage –Kidney damage –Central Nervous System damage

6. VOCs Source control –Eliminate products that have high levels of VOCs –Purchase new products that contain low or no VOCs (Environmentally Preferable Purchasing)

7. Global Warming Potential (GWPs) GWP –Used to compare the ability of different greenhouse gases to trap heat in the atmosphere –Based on Heat-absorbing ability of the gas relative to base chemical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Decay rate of each gas relative to CO 2

8. GWPs Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere –Include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone Others result from human activities –Very powerful greenhouse gases that are generated in a variety of industrial processes, including cleaning processes

9. Ozone Depletion Potential (ODPs) Ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation –Small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen –At the same time, ozone is being broken down by natural processes –The total amount of ozone usually stays constant because its formation and destruction occur at about the same rate –Human activity has recently changed that natural balance

10. ODPs The ratio of the amount of ozone depletion of a chemical compared to the amount of ozone depletion of the same mass of CFC-11 Certain manufactured substances can destroy stratospheric ozone much faster than it is formed

11. Hazardous Material Information System/ National Fire Protection Association (HMIS/NFPA) HMIS –Hazard Communication standard requires employers to evaluate materials and inform employees of the hazards –Developed by comparing information on the health hazard, flammability, and physical hazard of the product to a set of criteria for each hazard category NFPA –Originally developed this set of hazard rankings for their own purposes –The rankings have proven to be very useful in the chemical industry

12. HMIS/NFPA –Health –Fire –Reactivity/Instability Lab attempts to use products with a hazard less than 3 4 = Severe Hazard 3 = Serious Hazard 2 = Moderate Hazard 1 = Slight Hazard 0 = Minimal Hazard

13. pH Readings Provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution –= 7 neutral –<7 acidic –>7 basic Try to avoid –>11 very basic, likely to cause corrosion and/or tissue damage –<3 a strong acid

14. pH Neutral substances receive the highest Individual Indicator points Both very acidic and very basic are both avoided

15. Guidelines VOC content (g/l) 0-24Good 25-49Good 50-74Okay 75-99Okay 100-149Okay 150-199Fair 200-299Fair 300Poor >300Poor GWP Values GWP = 0Good GWP = 1 (CO2)Okay All others =Poor ODP Values ODP = 0Good All others =Poor

16. Guidelines pH 0-1.0Poor 1.1-2.4Poor 2.5-2.9Fair 3.0-4.0Okay 4.1-5.9Okay 6.0-6.4Good 6.5-7.5Good 7.6-8.9Good 9.0-9.9Okay 10-11.4Okay 11.5-11.9Fair 12-12.4Poor 12.5-12.9Poor 13-14Poor HMIS/NFPA Point Assessment H-0 F-0 R-0Good H-0 F-0 R-1, H-0 F-1 R-0Good H-1 F-1 R-0, H-2 F-0 R-0Good H-1 F-1 R-1, H-2 F-1 R-0Okay H-3 F-0 R-0Poor H-2 F-2 R-0, H-1 F-2 R-1 Okay H-1 F-3 R-0Poor H-2 F-2 R-1Fair H-1 F-3 R-1, H-2 F-3 R-0Poor H-2 F-2 R-2 Fair H-3 F-3 R-0 Poor H-3 F-3 R-1, H-3 F-3 R-2Poor

17. Example Screening Values Solvent Alkaline Aqueous Product NameIndicatorValueComments Perchloroethylene VOC1620g/lHigh GWP0Good ODP0Good HMIS H2 HMIS F0 Okay HMIS R0 pHNAGood Product NameIndicatorValueComments Brulin Formula 815 GD VOC1.1 g/lGood GWP0Good ODP0Good HMIS H1 HMIS F0Good HMIS R0 pH11.6Okay

18. Other Indicators Further analysis should be conducted to verify that the selected products are compatible with your process Determine if there are any health risks that the screening does not address

19. Other Possible Indicators Aquatic Toxicity Biodegradability Carcinogens, Mutagens or Teratogens Concentration Disposal Endocrine disruptors Eutrophication Fragrances and Dyes Life Cycle Assessment Neurotoxins/CNS Depressants Packaging Recyclability Reproductive Toxicity

20. Simple Solutions for Surface Cleaning Having established a screening system for products in the lab –SSL has widened its selection methodology to incorporate both product performance and safety –Products are screened simultaneously yielding List of products that have been proven to work The products are potentially safer than the current cleaning formulation Results of testing available through web-based tool

21. Find a Safer, Effective Alternative Simple Solutions Database –Used to identify safer and effective products Safety Scores –VOC, ODP, GWP, HMIS/NFPA, pH Matching Performance –Contaminant, substrate, equipment, current solvent www.cleanersolutions.org/SimpleSolutions

22. Simple Solutions Database From the testing performed at SSL –Performances of industrial and institutional cleaning products –Database system was created so that access to this resource could be performed easily and quickly –The data is field-searchable by surface contaminants, surface substrates, cleaning equipment and solvents replaced

24. Search Methods Contaminant Search Solvent Replaced Product/Vendor Search Browse Clients Browse Vendors

27. Questions? Simple Solutions On-line Database: http://www.cleanersolutions.org/SimpleSolutions/ Contact Information Jason Marshall Manger of Laboratory Testing Surface Solutions Lab Toxics Use Reduction Institute jason@turi.org 978-934-3133