1. Preparation of blood components
Nada Mohamed Ahmed ,
MD, MT (ASCP)i

2. Contents Introduction Blood components Processing of blood components
Whole blood
Packed red blood cells
Leukocytes-depleted blood components
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Cryoprecipitate

3. Introduction Whole blood unit obtained from donors is separated in
the donor processing area of blood bank into various components.
• Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells.
• Plasma contains vital proteins such as coagulation
factors, fibrinogens, albumin, and globulin (including
immunoglobulins).
• The clinical requirement of a patient determines which blood product should be transfused

4. Blood components • Blood components and products are obtained
by donors.
• A donated blood unit consists of around 450-
500 ml of blood mixed with anticoagulant.
• An alternative process for the collection of
blood is that of apheresis, which uses cell
separation equipment and centrifugation.

5. Blood components • Blood components available from whole blood
include:
• Red cell concentrates (packed RBCs).
• Platelets concentrates.
• Fresh frozen plasma
• Cryoprecipitate
• Products derived from pooled plasma:
• (human albumin, immunoglobulins, coagulation
factor concentrates)

6. Processing of blood components
Blood is collected as whole blood, as
shown below

7. light centrifugation PRBC's packed red blood cells
Plasma +
platelets
PRBC's
packed red blood cells
(PRBC's) is prepared by light
centrifugation

8. heavy platelet rich Plasma + fresh frozen centrifugation PRBC's
platelets
PRBC's
PRBC's
fresh
frozen
plasma
platelets

10. Whole blood Characteristics: Approximate Volume : Shelf-Life:
RBC and plasma ; WBC and platelets not viable after 24hr storage . Labile clotting factors significantly decreased after 2 days of storage .
Hct 35%(dilution by anticoagulant). Blood 450mL.
CPD or CPDA-1 anticoagulant 63mL.
Approximate Volume :
520mL.
Shelf-Life:
ACD,CPD __21days at1-6ْC.
CPDA days at 1-6ْC
clinical Indications
Most useful in massive blood loss such as accidents and burns .

11. Packed red blood cells Characteristics: Approximate Volume :
Packed RBC with reduced plasma volume; WBC platelets, and coagulation factors as for whole blood.
Hct 69%.
Approximate Volume :
260mL.
Shelf-Life:
ACD,CPD __21days at1-6ْC.
CPDA days at 1-6ْC
clinical Indications
Most useful for symptomatic anemia is present; chronic anemia, bleeding

12. Washed red blood cells Characteristics: Approximate Volume :
RBC. No plasma, minimal platelets % WBC removed if manual wash .90% WBC removed if automated wash.
Hct adjustment as per amount of saline added. 5% loss of red cells due to wash procedure.
Approximate Volume :
250mL.
Shelf-Life:
24 hr at1-6ْC After wash.
clinical Indications
Increased red cell mass as for packed red cells .Most useful for preventing febrile and allergic reactions due to leukocytes or plasma proteins and for preventing anaphylactic reaction in IgA- deficient recipients .

13. Frozen deglycerolized red blood cells.
Characteristics:
RBC, no plasma , no platelets, removal of 95% of WBC.
Hct adjustment as per amount of saline added. Up to 20% of red cells lost due to procedure.
Approximate Volume :
250mL.
Shelf-Life:
10 years at-65ْC or colder .
24 hr at1-6ْC After wash
clinical Indications
Most useful for supply of rare blood, inventory control, and autotransfusion. Also, as per washed red blood cells.

14. Leukocytes-depleted blood components
• Leucocytes in the blood units may cause infections and
non-haemolytic transfusion reactions to the recipients.
• Therefore, leucocytes are removed from blood components
by filtering through leucocytes specific filters prior to
transfusions.
• This process called leucocytes depletion.
• Examples of infections transmitted by leucocytes in blood
products: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and CMV.

15. platelet concentrate Characteristics: Approximate Volume : Shelf-Life:
Platelets(5.5 ×10 ); some WBC (i.e., lymphocytes),
50mL of plasma ,
few RBC (less than 0.5% Hct).
Approximate Volume :
50mL.
Shelf-Life:
5 Days
at room temperature (20-24ْC) constant, gentle agitation.
clinical Indications :
Used for quantitative or qualitative platelet disorders. May be used when bleeding (slow ooze) due to severe thrombocytopenia.

16. Fresh frozen plasma Characteristics: Approximate Volume : Shelf-Life:
Plasma proteins, all coagulation factors, complement.
Approximate Volume :
200 to 260 mL.
Shelf-Life:
1 year at -18ْC , or colder .
clinical Indications:
1) coagulation deficiencies and haemorrhage conditions
(massive blood loss, infection or surgery of the liver).
- 2) acquired coagulation factor deficiencies such as DIC.

17. Cryoprecipitate
• Cryoprecipitate is a source of factor VIII and fibrinogen
extracted from single donor plasma.
• It is prepared by slowly thawing FFP at 4C. This process
precipitate and enrich a fraction of FFP with factor VIII.
• Cryoprecipitate is used mainly for patients with DIC and
patients with factor VIII deficiency.

18. Cryoprecipitate Characteristics: Approximate Volume : Shelf-Life:
80 units of factor VIII, other plasma proteins, von Willebrand factors XIII, fibrinogen(200mg), fibronectin.
Approximate Volume :
10 to 15 mL.
Shelf-Life:
1 year at -18ْC , or colder .
Clinical Indications
Most useful for von Willebrand disease, Factor XIII deficiency, or hypofibrinogenemia.
Cryoprecipitate should not be used for a newly diagnosed hemophilia A case, because there are factor concentrates available that have been modified to eliminate the AIDS virus and possibly hepatitis.

19. Upper Right: Lower Right:
Left:
Freezer filled with FFP and Cryo.
Upper Right:
Refrigerator with RBC units.
Lower Right:
Platelet Storage.

20. Temperature Monitoring System for blood product storage
Temperature chart and alarm system

21. THANK YOU