1. Properties of matter

2. Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma in terms of density, compressibility and diffusion.
KEY WORDS
pure mixture homogeneous
heterogeneous physical properties
chemical properties

3. Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume.
Matter:
Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume.

4. Pure substance
Particles that make up a substance are all the same.
Mixture
Substance contains more than one kind of particle.

6. Elements
Simplest form of matter; an atom is the smallest particle of an element.
Compounds
Form of matter containing two or more elements chemically bonded together.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

8. Heterogeneous mixture - particles in are not evenly distributed and are often distinguishable.
Homogeneous mixture - particles of a are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

9. Matter has two properties:
Physical properties: Can be observed without changing the substance's chemical composition.
Physical properties:
Colour
Shiny or dull
Brittle or malleable
Density
Phase (state)
Conductivity - heat or current
Solubility

10. 2 H2O (l) + 2 Na (s)  2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g)
Chemical properties - can be observed or tested only when the substances identity is changed.
Flammable
Oxidize (rust or tarnish)
React with an acid
2 H2O (l) Na (s)  2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g) H O Na

11. A physical change involves a change in shape or a change in state of a substance.

12. A chemical change is when new substances with new properties are formed - chemical reaction.
There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction:
A change in colour
A change in smell (odor)
3. Fizzing or bubbling
(releasing gas)

13. 4. A change in energy
a. The container feels warmer, heat is released.
We call this an exothermic change.
(exo = out, therm = heat)
b. The container feels cooler, heat is absorbed.
We call this an endothermic change.
(endo = in, therm = heat)

14. 5. When two clear liquids are mixed, a solid forms
or the mixture goes cloudy.
This is called precipitate formation.

15. Diffusion - how easily one substance is able to move through another.
Must be little interaction between particles and space for the particles to move.
Substances diffuse most easily through
gases > liquids > solids

17. Plasma - a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons.
About 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma.
(but it is rare on Earth)
Examples - aurora borealis, stars and lightning bolts.

18. Physical property - testable characteristic.
Physical change - change in state or shape.
Chemical property - can only be tested by changing the identity of the substance.
Chemical change - new substances with new properties are formed.