1. UNIT Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMITS 8 Ecosystems III: ecological balance

2. UNIT Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education 1972 Stockholm (Sweden) Conference on the Human Environment 1992 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). UN Earth Summit. Brundtland Report Kyoto (Japan) 3 rd Climate Change Conference. 1997 2000 New York (USA). Millennium Summit. París (France) Conference on the Biosphere (UNESCO) 1968 2009 Copenhagen (Denmark). 15 th Climate Change Conference. 8 Environmental summits 2002 Johannesburg (South Africa). Summit on Sustainable Development. 20th C 21st C For more information about the different summits, CLICK on the dates of each one of them

3. UNIT 1968 BIOSPHERE CONFERENCE Place: Paris (France) Main agreements: Creation of the MaB (Man and the Biosphere) Programme with the mission of conserving the environment in a way which is compatible with development in different countries. 8 Go back to the timeline Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

4. CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT Place: Stockholm (Sweden) Main agreements: Recognition of the link between the environment and human well-being, awareness of the limitations of natural systems, both to provide resources and to absorb impacts. The need for Environmental Education is mentioned. The UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) is created to coordinate and promote respect for the environment. UNIT 8 1972 Go back to the timeline Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

5. UNIT Place: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Main agreements: The most important international environment summit to date, as it was attended by almost all the countries of the world. It took as its basis the BRUNDTLAND REPORT. It produced different action plans and conventions: The Earth Charter Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Agenda 21 Climate Change Convention The Forest Principles 8 EARTH SUMMIT or RIO ’92 SUMMIT 1992 Go back to the timeline Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

6. UNIT 8 3 RD CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 1997 Place: Kyoto (Japan) Main agreements: -Kyoto Protocol, where each signatory country undertook to reduce emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases between 2008 and 2012. -It established what the different greenhouse gases are and some human activities that generate them, such as: Transport Industrial processes Go back to the timeline Agriculture Waste disposal Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

7. UNIT 8 MILLENNIUM SUMMIT 2000 Place: New York (USA) Main agreements: Millennium Declaration, which establishes the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which must be achieved before 2015. Goal 7 is to “Ensure Environmental Sustainability”. Go back to the timeline Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse the loss of environmental resources. Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving a significant reduction in the rate of loss by 2010. Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

8. UNIT 8 SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2002 Place: Johannesburg (South Africa). Main agreements: - The Kyoto Protocol came into effect. - To significantly reduce biodiversity loss by 2010. - To create a network of marine protected areas and restore fish stocks. - To minimise the harmful effects of chemicals. Go back to the timeline Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits

9. UNIT 8 15 TH CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2009 Place: Copenhagen (Denmark). Main agreements: The only target set was that the average global temperature should not rise by more than 2ºC by 2050. No clear agreements were reached to replace the Kyoto Protocol, which ends in 2012. Go back to the timeline Biology and Geology 4. Secondary Education Environmental summits