1. Cold War Unit
U.S. History 11

2. #1. After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones:
French
British
United States
Soviet Union

3. East Berlin West Berlin
·#2. In June of 1948, the French, British and U.S. zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.
East Germany
West Germany
#3 & #4
East Berlin
West Berlin

4. Improve your knowledge
Divided Berlin
The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

5. What was the Cold War? #
#6. Conflict between the United States & the Soviet Union (Russia)
War of words & ideas with a few “hot spots” mixed in
Competition of power between the two countries
Tension & rivalry

6. After WWII, 2 superpowers emerged: U.S. & Soviet Union
#7. U.S.: capitalist society with a democratic gov.
#8. Soviet Union: communist country with a dictatorship.
#9. Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.

8. U.S. Cold War terms
Capitalism
Democracy
Freedom
Individualism

9. Capitalism Private ownership of industry/business
Freedom of competition
Survival of the fittest
Laissez-faire (gov’t keeps hands off)
Creates different economic classes

10. Democracy Government by the people Two forms
Representative (people elect representatives to carry out govt business)
Direct (people themselves carry out govt business)

11. Individualism Stresses the need for people to do things on their own
Competition (the best individuals reach higher levels of power, status or money)

12. Freedom The condition of being free Highly valued
Freedom of the press (newspapers)
Freedom of speech
Freedom to conduct business

13. Soviet Union Cold War terms
Socialism
Totalitarianism
Equality
Collectivism

14. Socialism Govt ownership of industry/business
Created as a reaction to capitalism
Goal is to bring economic equality to people
Classless society

15. Totalitarianism Govt by one or a few
Total control over many aspects of people’s lives
No freedom of press or speech

16. Collectivism
Stresses the need for people to work together to benefit the whole
“all for one and one for all”

17. Equality Condition of being equal Highly valued
Basic needs, food, housing education, jobs, supplied for all people

18. Nuclear Tensions
#11. The U.S. & Soviet Union were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – known as the Arms Race.
The U.S. had shown its atomic power when it exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of WWII.
The Soviet Union was also developing atomic weapons/bombs.

19. ·#12.
The Soviet Union occupied most of Eastern Europe by the end of World War II.

20. #13. Other countries outside of Europe became communist after WWII.
North Korea (1945)
China (1949)
Cuba (1959)

21. #14. Domino Effect
The U.S. did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another etc)
Soviet Union had a lot of influence over many of the new communist countries (especially those in Europe).
The U.S. was very worried that this influence was making the Soviet Union & communism more powerful.

22. #15. In 1946, Winston Churchill correctly warned that the Soviets were creating an “iron curtain” in Eastern Europe. He was referring to the division between communist countries & capitalist countries!

23. Peep under the Iron curtain
March 6, 1946