1. Human Health Risk Factors

2. 3 Categories of Human Health Risks 1. _________ 2. __________ 3. ___________

3. Leading Causes of Death in the World

4. 1.Infectious Diseases 2.1. 3.2; 4.3. 5.4. 6.5. 7.6.  7.

5. Biological Risks Infectious diseases- _________ ____________________________ ___________________________ Examples:_________________________

6. 4 Types of Pathogens _______________________ ____________________ ______________________

7. Biological Risks ___________________ slowly impairs the functioning of the person’s body __________________rapidly impairs the functioning of the person’s body

8. Leading World Health Risks for Chronic diseases: Comparison of Low-income countries to high-income countries

9. Leading World Health Risks for Chronic diseases Low-income High-income 1._______________ _________________ 2._______________ _________________ 3._______________ __________________ 4._______________ _________________ 5._______________ _________________

10. Changes in Risks over Time

11. Describe the changes in Risks over time.

13. Historical Disease: _________________________________ Examples:  ______________  _______________

14. Emergent Diseases __________________________________ Examples  AID/HIV  Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever  Mad Cow disease  Bird Flu  West Nile Virus

15. Locations of Emergent Diseases

16. Ebola hemorrhagic fever-highly lethal; no known treatment.

17. Pathways of Transmitting Pathogens

18. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

19. Infectious Diseases have Killed large numbers of people ______________: When a pathogen causes a rapid increase in disease ______________: When an epidemic occurs over a large geographic area.

20. The Future of Human Health To combat diseases in Low-income countries  ________________________  _____________________________  _______________________________  ________________________________

21. The Future of Human Health In high-income countries health efforts should focus on __________________________________  ______________________________________  _______________________________________  __________________________________________

22. Types of Harmful Chemicals ____________ _____________ _________________

23. Neurotoxins __________________________________ Examples: _________________________ ________________________________ In 1970’s government started requiring reductions of lead in gasoline and paint.

24. Decline of lead in children over time.

25. Describe the changes in lead levels in children since 1976.

27. Carcinogens ________________________ They cause cell damage and lead to uncontrolled cell growth. _____________________________ of genes that regulate cell growth. These types are called ________________

28. Common Carcinogens _______________ ______________ ___________________ _____________________

29. Teratogens ____________________ ______________________ _____________________. Most famous one was thalidomide

30. Allergens _________________________________ ________________________________ Can cause breathing difficulties and death Examples: peanuts, chemicals in milk, drugs like penicillin and codeine.

31. Endocrine disruptors _______________________________ _________________________________. Can enter wastewater from farm animals, can come from birth control pills in residential sewage, and pesticides that mimic animal hormones.

32. List 4 chemicals of major concern. List one from each type Tell what type it is and what its effect is.