1. Population Clock

2. Human Numbers Through Time: A.D. 0
Taken from Nova online
300 million

3. A.D. 1000
310 million

4. 1800
1 billion
65% Asia, 21% Europe, 1% North America

5. 1927
2 billion

6. 1960
3 billion

7. 1974
4 billion

8. 1987
5 billion

9. 1999
6 billion
62% Asia, 12 % Europe, 12% Africa, 9% Latin America,
5% N. America

10. 2050
Population will more than likely will reach 9 billion people
Nearly all growth will take place in developing countries

12. Population Growth Rate
PGR: increase in a country’s population during a period of time (1 year).
PGR = birth rate – death rate
immigrants emigrants

13. Average Annual Population Growth Rate, 1980-98
Rapid PGR: Africa and Middle East
Slowest PGR: Europe and North America

14. Population (shown in millions)
1980: 4.4 Billion
2000: 6 Billion

15. In the past few decades…
Death rates have declined
Living longer in both industrial and developing countries  immunization, health care, technology
Avg life expectancy: 78
Birth rates have declined
Parents are choosing to have less children
Access to family planning
More women starting families later in life
* PGR remain high though because birth rates have not fallen as much as death rates

16. Population Growth Rate
PGR have started to decline
But will continue to increase because the population base has become larger.
Growth rates tend to be higher in low and middle-income

17. Population momentum
Phenomenon that occurs when a large proportion of a country’s population is of childbearing age.
Occurs in low-income countries
More than a third of the population is under the age of 15

18. Why so many children? Fear their babies may die Need laborers to work
Ensure that they themselves will be cared for in their old age
Lack access to education and to family planning

19. To reduce fertility rates
Greater access to primary health care and family planning services
Receive a basic education (esp. girls and women)
Have government serviced that help protect them when sick, old, unemployed

20. Are we going to reach a carrying capacity?
Carrying capacity: number of individuals the environment can support over a long period of time

21. Some say we have already exceeded the carrying capacity
Others say billions more can be sustained on earth
Consensus
World population will continue to grow until after the middle of this century
Peak of some 9 billion
Perhaps declining in the latter years

22. What controls population size?
Density-Independent Factors
Weather, floods, fire
Reduce population by the same proportion regardless of size
Density-Dependent Factors
Shortages of food, shelter
Triggered by increasing population density

23. In groups of 2 or 3, answer the following (in complete sentences)
What do you think daily life might be in your town in 2050 when there are 9.2 billion people on this planet?
What types of technological changes will be needed to accommodate the world’s growth?
What do you think will be the greatest environmental concerns at that time?
Do you see population growth becoming a major political issue by 2050? Why or why not? What types of population issues might people be talking about at that time?