1. A Healthy Foundation

2. Health Today Health in the Past: Infectious diseases were the most significant health problems in the past. Health Today: Many health problems today are caused in part by unhealthy lifestyles. Diabetes, heart disease, and cancer are examples of lifestyle diseases.

3. Risk Factors A risk factor is anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems. Controllable Risk Factors You can control some risk factors by making choices about your behavior. Uncontrollable Risk Factors Risk factors you cannot control include age, race, gender, and heredity.

5. Risk Factors and Your Health You can protect your health by focusing on controllable risk factors. Know the leading causes of death for people in your age group. Be aware of the leading causes of death for people of all ages.

7. Six Components of Health Health is the state of well being in which all the components of health are in balance. Health may be categorized into six components: physical, emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental. To be truly healthy, you must take care of all six components.

8. Six Components of Health 1.Physical Health refers to the way your body functions. 2.Emotional Health involves coping with your feelings and expressing them in a positive way. 3.Social Health is the quality of your relationships with friends, family, teachers, and others.

9. 4.Mental Health is the ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily life. 5.Spiritual Health involves having spiritual direction and purpose. This includes living according to one’s ethics, morals, and values. 6.Environmental Health involves keeping your air and water clean, your food safe, and the land around you enjoyable.

10. The Health Triangle Social, Physical, and Mental/Emotional health make up the health triangle. To be considered healthy there should be a good balance between the three.

12. Wellness: Striving for Optimal Health Wellness is a continuum ranging from death to optimal health. You can choose your behaviors to move closer to optimal health.

13. Influences on Your Wellness Hereditary Influences Social Influences Cultural Influences Environmental Influences

14. Taking Charge of Your Wellness Knowledge You need information to make good choices about your health. Lifestyle You can improve your health by making behavioral changes to your lifestyle. Attitude By focusing on your attitudes, you can act in ways that make you a healthier person.

16. Four Ways Society Addresses Health Problems Medical Advances Technology Public Policy Education

17. What You Can Do Be an Advocate! To advocate is to speak or act in support of something. Volunteer at a clinic Take meals to the elderly Promote health issues at school Train for a career in a health field Set a good example through your behavior Get Your Point Across Be Informed Know Your Audience

18. What Are Life Skills? Life skills are tools for building a healthy life. Like learning to build a house, learning to use life skills takes practice.

19. Ten Life Skills Assessing Your Health How healthy are you? How are your actions and behaviors affecting your health? Communicating Effectively Listen and speak effectively. Practicing Wellness Practice healthy behaviors for good life-long health. Coping Deal with troubles or problems in an effective way. Being a Wise Consumer Make good decisions when you buy health products and services. Evaluating Media Messages Recognize the influence of media messages on you and your decisions. Using Community Resources Find and use community resources to help all six components of your health. Making GREAT Decisions Use the making GREAT Decisions model. Using Refusal Skills Say “no” to anything that makes you uncomfortable. Setting Goals Setting goals helps you know where you are going and how you plan to get there.

21. Importance of Making Decisions Consequences are the results of your actions and decisions. Making decisions is important because you are responsible for the consequences. Impulsive decisions can have negative consequences. Good decisions often lead to positive outcomes.

23. Using the Making GREAT Decisions Model Sina’s Decision Sina is on her way to school when Marty—a boy she likes—pulls up in his car with his friends. They are planning to skip school and want her to come. She notices some beer in the back seat. What should Sina do?

24. Working with other people can make difficult life decisions easier. Seek advice from your parents, friends, and teachers. Making GREAT Decisions Together

25. If you make a bad decision, use Stop, Think, Go. STOP and admit you made a wrong decision. THINK of people you can talk to about the problem. GO and do your best to correct the situation. Everyone Makes Mistakes

26. Who Influences You? Positive influences can encourage you to improve yourself or to do good. Negative influences can pressure you to do something that is unhealthy or dangerous. Peer pressure is a feeling that you should do something because that is what your friends want.

27. Types of Pressure Direct pressure is the result of someone trying to convince you to do something you normally wouldn’t do. Indirect pressure results from being swayed to do something because people you look up to are doing it.

29. Refusal Skills Refusal skills are strategies to avoid doing things that you feel pressured to do.

31. Practicing Refusal Skills It helps to practice refusal skills so you will be ready for real-life pressure situations. When you say no, always respect others and don’t put anyone down. If someone keeps pressuring you, then you may have to leave the situation.

32. Kinds of Goals A goal is something you work toward and hope to achieve. Short-term goals can be achieved in days or weeks. Long-term goals may take months or years to achieve.

33. Six Suggestions for Setting Goals 1.Safe Goals should not be harmful to you or others. 2.Satisfying You should feel good about yourself when you reach your goals. 3.Sensible Set realistic goals that you can really hope to achieve. 4.Similar Set goals that work well together and do not contradict one another. 5.Specific The steps to achieve your goals should be clear. 6.Supported Your goals should be supported by your parents or other responsible adults.

34. Make an Action Plan An action plan is a set of directions that help you reach a goal. List the rewards you will have when you reach your goal. Know which influences can hurt you and which influences can help you as you work toward your goal. Track your progress regularly.

35. Mental and Emotional Health

36. Stress Management What Causes Stress??? A. Environmental stressors B. Biological stressors C. Thinking stressors D. Behavioral stressors E. Life change stressors

37. Physical Response to Stress: Fight-or-flight response: your body releases adrenaline (epinephrine), which triggers the following changes: Breathing speeds up Heartbeat increases Muscles tense up Pupils dilate Digestions stops Blood sugar increases

38. Emotional and Behavioral Response to Stress: Positive Stress (EUSTRESS) Negative Stress (DISTRESS)

39. Long-term Stress Can Make You Sick: The general adaptation syndrome describes 3 stages in the relationship between stress and disease…. 1.Alarm Stage (body and mind become very alert in response to stressors) 2.Resistance Stage (body tries to defend itself against stress, to resist disease and injury) 3.Exhaustion Stage (body unable to overcome stress…exhaustion sets in…organs and body systems may suffer or fail, and injury or illness may occur)

40. Coping with Loss Effects of Loss: can cause a wide range of intense emotions (sadness, anger, numbness, etc) can cause physical and emotional stress These feelings are NORMAL and help you COPE If the feelings don’t pass in time, you should seek help from a parent or trusted adult.

41. The Grieving Process: GRIEVE: to express deep sadness because of a loss. The grieving process can be divided into five stages. Not everyone experiences every stage, or in the same order. If you feel stuck in a stage, ask for help.

42. The Grieving Process has 5 stages… Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

43. Facts About Suicide: People who have attempted suicide often asked for help in an indirect way. Drug and alcohol use can put people at risk of acting on suicidal thoughts because judgment is impaired. Average “successful” suicide follows 5 “unsuccessful” attempts. Boys have higher “success” rate than girls. Preventing Suicide

44. Teens and Suicide: Suicide is the 3 rd leading cause of death for people between 15 and 24. Physical and emotional changes in the teen years can make you more emotional, impulsive, and focused on the present.

45. Suicide Prevention: Think about consequences before you act. Don’t solve temporary problems with permanent solutions. Seek help when you need it.

46. Warning signs that you or someone else are considering suicide…. Feeling hopeless Withdrawing from family and friends Neglecting basic needs Loss of energy Taking more risks Using alcohol and drugs Giving away personal things

47. Getting Help for YOURSELF: Thoughts of suicide are serious and require help. If you are feeling depressed or having suicidal thoughts, ask a trusted adult for help.

48. Getting Help for SOMEONE ELSE: If you think a friend is thinking about suicide: Take all talk of suicide seriously. Reassure your friend that suicide is not the answer. Try to change negative thoughts into positive thoughts. Don’t keep a secret for your friend...GET HELP!!! Help your friend get the help of an adult.

49. Characteristics of Good Mental and Emotional Health Sense of belonging Sense of purpose Positive outlook Self-Sufficiency Healthy self-esteem

50. What is Self-Esteem? Self-esteem: how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself. Benefits of High Self Esteem: respect for yourself ability to reach goals willingness to try new things feel valued by others Risks of Low Self Esteem: Vulnerable to peer pressure More likely to make unhealthy decisions More likely to be critical of yourself and others Increased risk of depression and suicide

51. Self-concept: a measure of how you view yourself in society.

52. Your self-esteem affects the way you interpret “negative” messages from others…. Try to view negative messages as constructive criticism. Your self-esteem does not have to suffer from the negative messages of others! You alone have the power to control your self- esteem and moods—don’t give others the power to control your self esteem! (Don’t let other people dictate your mood/feelings!!!)

53. Tips for Improving Your Self-Esteem: Use Positive Self-Talk (say positive messages to yourself when in doubt) Act with Integrity (doing what you know is right, regardless of the situation) Choose Supportive Friends (your friends should support your values and goals) Accept Yourself (focus on your strengths and let go of weaknesses that you cannot change) Take Care of Your Health (feeling good, physically, can help your self-esteem)

54. Good Communication is Important 1.Prevents Misunderstandings (unclear communication can cause hurtful misunderstandings) 2.Building Healthy Relationships (communication is a tool for building good relationships) 3.Expressing Yourself (good communication skills help you let others know what you want and need…and this will help you get what you want out of your relationships)

55. Communication Styles 1.Passive (does not speak up when challenged or pressured) 2.Aggressive (hostile and unfriendly) 3.Assertive (when you communicate assertively, you express yourself in a direct, but respectful way)

56. Speaking Skills Can Improve Communication: Voice Volume Speaking too loudly or too softly can send a bad message. Tone and Pitch (conveys your attitude) “I” Messages and “You” Messages An “I” message explains how you feel. A “you” message can seem like blame. Empathy (the ability to understand another person’s feelings)

57. Listening Skills Can Improve Communication 1.Active Listening lets the speaker know you are listening and clarifying anything confusing ex: saying uh-huh, right, yes, I see, etc. while listening 2.Paraphrasing using your own words to restate what someone else says ex: “So what you’re saying is……….”

58. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs A list of the basic needs one must achieve on the way to self- actualization.

59. What Are Mental Disorders? Mental disorder: an illness that affects a person’s: THOUGHTS EMOTIONS BEHAVIORS

60. Symptoms of Mental Disorders: Symptom: a change in a person’s body or mind, caused by a disease or disorder. The following are common symptoms of many mental disorders: Too much or too little sleep Feelings of extreme sadness Unexplained mood changes Drug or alcohol abuse Inability to concentrate Extreme anxiety or irrational fear Personality changes False perceptions of reality

61. Types of Mental Disorders…….

62. DEPRESSION: sadness and hopelessness that keeps a person from carrying out normal, everyday activities. Symptoms: Lack of energy Withdrawal from people Loss of appetite or overeating Too much or too little sleep Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness

63. If you are experiencing depression… 1.Face the problem and seek professional help. 2.Identify the “real” problem loneliness? a loss of something significant? (ex: loved one, job, etc) chemical imbalance? 3.Take action change negative thinking seeking support from others increasing physical activity

64. ATTENTION DEFICIT / HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder in children It is a lifelong disorder Symptoms being frequently inattentive or impulsively hyperactive Causes unknown Can be treated (finding the best treatment can be difficult)

65. ANXIETY DISORDERS: fear-based can keep you from taking part in daily activities Phobias (extreme fear of something that poses no real danger) PANIC DISORDERS: extreme terror and panic attacks OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: characterized by uncomfortable thoughts called obsessions repetitive behaviors called compulsions

66. Causes of Mental Disorders: Some develop from traumatic or stressful life experiences. Some can be inherited. Some are caused by physical disorders or injuries.

67. Many mental disorders can be treated or cured… Treatments: Psychotherapy--especially useful in treating mental disorders caused by traumatic experiences. Group therapy--a licensed therapist leads a group of people who may have a similar disorder. Medication--can also help in the treatment of some mental disorders.