3. Larynx -------------------------------------------- Functions: 1- Respiratory duct 1- Respiratory duct 2- Swallowing 2- Swallowing 3- Phonation 3- Phonation

4. Position: C 3 - C 6 C 3 - C 6 Hyoid : C 3 Thyroid : C 4, C 5 Cricoid : C 6

5. Relations -------------------------------------------------- Ant.: Infrahyoid mm. Thyroid lobes Thyroid lobes Post.: Pharynx Lat.: Carotid sheath

6. Structure of Larynx ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- Cartilages 2- Joints 3- Ligaments and and Membranes Membranes 4- Muscles 5- Vessels 6- Nerves

7. Cartilages : ------------------------------------------Single: 1-Thyroid 1-Thyroid 2-Epiglottis 2-Epiglottis 3-Cricoid 3-CricoidPair: 1-Arytenoid 1-Arytenoid 2-Corniculate 2-Corniculate 3-Cuneiform 3-Cuneiform

8. Joints --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- Cricothyroid joint Synovial Synovial Transverse axis Transverse axis 2- Cricoarytenoid joint Synovial Synovial Rotation - Gliding Rotation - Gliding 3- Arycorniculate joint Cartilaginous Cartilaginous

9. Ligaments and Membranes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Extrinsic: 1- Thyrohyoid membrane 2- Hyoepiglottic lig. 3- Thyroepiglottic lig. 4- Cricotracheal lig. Intrinsic: 1- Quadrangular membrane a- Aryepiglottic fold a- Aryepiglottic fold b- Vestibular lig. b- Vestibular lig. 2- Cricothyroid membrane a- Conus elasticus a- Conus elasticus b- Cricothyroid lig. b- Cricothyroid lig. c- Vocal lig. c- Vocal lig.

11. Muscles ------------------------------------------------------------------ Extrinsic: 1- Infrahyoid mm. 2- Inf. pharyngeal constrictor m. constrictor m. 3- Stylopharyngeus m. 4- Palatopharyngeus m. Intrinsic: 1- Cricothyroid m. 2- Post. Cricoarytenoid m. 3- Lat. Cricoarytenoid m. 4- Transverse arytenoid m. 5- Oblique arytenoid m. 6- Aryepiglottic m. 7- Thyroarytenoid m. 8- Thyroepiglottic m. 9- Vocalis m.

13. Function of muscles Tension : Cricothyroid m. Dilatation : Post. Cricoarytenoid m. Clossing or narrowing : Lat. Cricoarytenoid m. Sphinctric action : others mm.

14. Vocal fold & Vestibular fold Vocal fold & Vestibular fold

18. Quiet respiration

19. Forced inspiration

20. Phonation

21. Effort closure

22. Swallowing

23. Sex differences Longitudinal diameter: 44 mm 36 mm Transverse diameter: 43 mm 41 mm Longitudinal diameter: 44 mm 36 mm Transverse diameter: 43 mm 41 mm Sagittal diameter: 36 mm 26 mm Sagittal diameter: 36 mm 26 mm Rima glottidis: 23 mm 17 mm Rima glottidis: 23 mm 17 mm Male Female

24. Sup. Thyroid a. Sup. Laryngeal a. Inf. Thyroid a. Inf. Laryngeal a.

25. Nerves 1- Sup. Laryngeal n. - Ext. br. Cricothyroid m. - Int. br. Mucosa in the sup. part of vocal fold 2- Inf. Laryngeal n. (Recurrent laryngeal n.) - Laryngeal mm. except Cricothyroid m. - Laryngeal mm. except Cricothyroid m. - Mucosa in the inf. part of vocal fold - Mucosa in the inf. part of vocal fold

27. Tracheotomy