1. SCOPE AND PRACTICE OF DENTAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
AHMAD AMINU ABDULAZEEZ
DR. OGUNDARE U.O
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

2. DENTAL SURGERY
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3. Outline * Introduction * Professionals in dental practice
* The dental Office
* Specializations in dentistry
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4. Dentistry
A branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also in the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial region.
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD

5. Professionals in dental practice
DENTIST – This is a doctor who specializes in dentistry. He is also known as a dental surgeon.
DENTAL THERAPIST – This is a dental care giver who does professional tooth cleaning for patients. He/she is also involved in oral health education of patients.
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6. DENTAL NURSE / DSA / DST – This is an assistant of the dental surgeon
DENTAL NURSE / DSA / DST – This is an assistant of the dental surgeon. He is responsible for the clinic area, instruments and equipment management as well as pre & post operative care of patients.
DENTAL TECHNOLOGIST – This is a member of the dental team who, upon prescription from a dental clinician, constructs custom–made prostheses and dental appliances.
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD

7. The dental office This is also known as the dental clinic.
It comprises the following;
- Dental chair / unit
- Air compressor
- Autoclave
- Dental X-ray including OPG
- X-ray film processor
- Instrument trays, dental materials etc
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8. 4/25/2017
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9. Specializations in Dentistry
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery:- This is concerned with treating diseases, injuries and defects of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard & soft tissues of the mouth.
Prosthodontics:- This is concerned with the design, manufacture and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth.
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD

10. Periodontology:- This deals with diseases and conditions affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.
Oral Medicine:- This is concerned with the medical (non-surgical) treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa.
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD

11. Orthodontics:- This deals primarily with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malposed teeth and jaw growth anomalies.
Paedodontics:- This is concerned with the dental care and treatment of children.
Oral pathology:- This is concerned with diagnosis and study of the causes and effects of diseases affecting the oral & maxillofacial region.
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

12. Conservative Dentistry:- This is concerned with conserving teeth in the mouth -----fillings, crowns, bridges, root canal therapy
Oral Radiology:- This deals with performance and interpretation of diagnostic imaging used for examining the craniofacial, dental & adjacent structures.
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14. ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
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15. Outline * Introduction * Scope : - Trauma - Infections - Tumours
- Congenital anomalies
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16. Introduction
This is the branch of dentistry that deals with treatment of diseases, injuries and defects of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard & soft tissues of the mouth.
It also deals with reconstruction & restoration of facial aesthetics which may have been disrupted by trauma, surgery and other causes.
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD

17. FACIAL TRAUMA This refers to any physical injury to the face.
CAUSES – Vehicular crashes
- Interpersonal violence
- Falls
- Industrial accidents
- Sport injuries
- Gunshot injuries
- Blasts
- Animal attacks
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18. Soft tissue involvement – Contusion - Abrasion - Laceration - Avulsion
- Burns
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19. Bony involvement – Nasal complex fracture Zygomatic complex fracture
Orbital fractures
Le – Fort I fracture
Le – Fort II fracture
Le – Fort III fracture
Mandibular fractures (Dento – alveolar, symphyseal, parasymphyseal, body, angle, ramus, condylar)
# Radiographic investigations are important for proper management of facial trauma. OMV, SMV, PA Jaws, Lateral Skull, Lateral oblique mandible, CT Scan.
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24. TMJ Ankylosis
This is a pathologic condition where the mandible is fused to the glenoid fossa by bony or fibrotic tissues.
CAUSES – Trauma or infection
EFFECTS – Inability to open mouth
Facial deformity
Inability to chew
Difficulty of speech
Poor oral hygiene
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

25. AIM OF TREATMENT:- Improve mouth opening, correct associated facial deformity, decrease pain & prevent re-ankylosis
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26. Ankylosed TMJ Normal TMJ
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27. TMJ dislocation
This is a distressing condition that occurs when the mandibular condyle becomes fixed in the articular eminence of the temporal bone. The TMJ locks in an open position.
CAUSES – Excessive yawning
- Trauma
- Singing
- Intubation
- Dental procedures
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

28. EFFECTS – Inability to close the mouth Drooling of saliva
Aim of treatment: - Reduce anxiety
- Relieve pain
- Reposition joint
- Prevent recurrence
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

29. INFECTIONS Dental abscesses – Periapical abscess Periodontal abscess
Dentoalveolar abscess
Space infection – Buccal space abscess
Submasseteric space abscess
Submandibular space abscess
Sublingual space abscess
Submental space abscess
LUDWIG’S ANGINA
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

30. Ludwig’s Angina
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31. TUMOURS - Benign or Malignant neoplasm - Jaw or Soft tissue neoplasm
- Cysts
- Salivary gland tumours
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32. Mandibular Ameloblastoma
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34. Antral Carcinoma
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35. Antral Carcinoma
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36. Oral Carcinoma
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38. Salivary gland tumors
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39. Congenital anomalies ( Cleft Lip and Palate)
A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose.
A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose.
CAUSE – Multifactorial
RISK FACTORS – Increasing maternal age, Folic acid deficiency
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Hospital presentation, NOHD

40. Management - Maxillofacial surgeon and other specialists.
Surgery – Cheiloplasty, Palatoplasty
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42. BEFORE AFTER
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43. Conclusion
There are several conditions of the orofacial region that present to dental and Maxillofacial surgeons. Many of these conditions usually start small, with or without pain.
In view of this, it is wise for patients to present early in order to prevent life – threatening complications.
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44. Thank you for Listening
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45. Next week (November 25th, 2015): INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (I
Next week (November 25th, 2015): INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (I.T) Unit (Topic: Role of Information Technology in the Hospital) Fortnight December 2nd, 2015): ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY UNIT …Have a Nice Day
4/25/2017
Hospital presentation, NOHD