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Revolution & Enlightenment. Absolute rulers In 16th & 17th century – most Euro countries governed by absolute rulers They thought their power came directly.

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Presentation on theme: "Revolution & Enlightenment. Absolute rulers In 16th & 17th century – most Euro countries governed by absolute rulers They thought their power came directly."— Presentation transcript:

1 Revolution & Enlightenment

2 Absolute rulers In 16th & 17th century – most Euro countries governed by absolute rulers They thought their power came directly from God. -wouldn’t let citizens question their authority -believed to be the ruler because of the DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS

3 Continued…. An “upper class” revolution occurred -Nobles and Land Owners wanted more say EFFECTEFFECT: The King had to seek their approval for the laws he wanted to pass. (Representative Government)

4 CAUSES FOR WANTING CHANGE 1.Absolute rulers who ruled by Divine Right. 2. Religion was used as a form of control.

5 Most famous absolute ruler Louis XIV, France – “I am the state” England – moved in opposite direction –Monarchs shared rule with Parliament MAGNA CARTA

6 England’s Model Monarchs in England consulted Parliament for many important decisions. This created an expectation that Parliament in England would always be involved in decision making.

7 Henry VIII Ruled England 1509-1547 Was married 6 times Avid gambler & dice player Good athlete, musician, poet In order of wives: “divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived” Spanish Princess; Catherine of Aragon

8 Henry was cruel & tyrannical during his reign Was not afraid to use force to get his way # of executions during Henry’s reign is about 72,000!

9 Henry VIII and Religion Henry asked the Pope (Catholic) to approve a divorce from his first wife (Catherine of Aragon). The Pope said “NO”. What could Henry do?

10 The Solution Henry and Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy which creates a new religion/church… The Church of England

11 How did he do it? Bribery! Henry gave land confiscated from the Catholic Church to members of Parliament who supported him.

12 Elsewhere in Europe…. A movement away from the Catholic Church is brewing….. The Protestant Reformation

13 The Reformation Protest(ant)- to object Reform(ation)- to change or adapt At the same time as Henry, the Protestant Reformation was spreading through Europe and becoming more radical

14 Why were people angry at the Catholic Church? Total control Corruption Printing Press exposes atrocities of Catholic Church (1450) Spanish Inquisition (1478)

15

16 England and the Reformation Henry unknowingly helped push the Protestant Reformation forward. Henry and Elizabeth both sought a moderate form of Protestantism. England becomes a Protestant nation

17 The Puritans (purify) felt England was still too Catholic and wanted the church to separate from the government. Many Puritans fled England for colonies in America. They brought with them the desire for religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

18 Mary daughter from Catherine of Aragon (#1) Edward Beloved son from Jane Seymour (#3) Elizabeth daughter from Anne Boleyn (#2) Henry’s Family

19 Elizabeth I Elizabeth declared Queen in Jan. 1559 One of most popular monarchs in English history Helped steady the nation’s debt Prevented English Civil War- religious Made Protestantism official religion of England Reign known as Elizabethan Era or Golden Age of Elizabeth Anne Boleyn

20 Her favorite motto was “I see and keep silent”. Considered virgin Queen because she died, not married, however she is said to have had men in her life! Leaves no heir….

21 James I Comes to power after Elizabeth Wanted to be absolutist ruler like in France – looked to Louis XIV Did not like Parliament Conflict intensified during his reign Parliament vs. the King

22 King Charles I son of James I He also wanted to operate without any restraint from Parliament 1628- Parliament passed a petition that said King could not impose taxes Charles closes down Parliament from 1629-1640 -known as Eleven Years of Tyranny

23 Supporters of the King (Cavaliers/Royalists) vs. Supporters of Parliament (Roundheads) English Revolution 1642

24 Oliver Cromwell Military genius, backed Parliament Puritan Beheaded Charles I January 30, 1649 Steps in as ruler of England Cromwell Charles I

25 Oliver Cromwell England became a Commonwealth Started military dictatorship and extreme Puritan Lifestyle within England People of England not too happy with strict life When Cromwell died, his son unable to maintain order

26 Now who becomes the leader? A group of Nobles invited Dutch leader William of Orange and Mary to rule England They did NOT want a Catholic King

27 William of Orange and Mary arrived & forced to sign English Bill of Rights, limiting their power In the end, “Bloodless Revolution” puts William and Mary in power Glorious Revolution

28 CAUSES Divine Right of Kings Parliament’s Power Religious Tensions EFFECTS End of Divine Right Representative Govt. Protestantism John Locke and Natural Rights Philosophers

29 John Locke Natural Rights –Rights people are born with

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