1. MULTICULTURAL INFLUENCES IN HRD (DCE5130) SEMESTER ONE 2013/2014 F2F I (8 SEPT. 2013)

2. . Part 1: Key elements of My Own Culture and other cultures in Malaysia COURSE CONTENT oAn awareness and understanding of one's own set of values and cultural assumptions, symbols, rituals, and role models oAn understanding of values of people from different ethnic groups in the country (Malays, Chinese, Indians and Others). oCultural Similarities and Differences among Malaysians FACE TO FACE 1 Learning outcomes: The students are able to: 1) Analyse five cultural dimensions 2) Identify and elaborate cultural dimensions of his/her own culture and other cultures in Malaysia/own country

3. Director Center for Industrial Relations and Networking (CiRNeT) & Assoc. Prof., Department of Professional Development & Continuing Education (JPPPL) Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia Tel: office: 03-89471193 hp:019-2196581 azizanas@putra.upm.edu.my Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azizan Asmuni

4. Working experience 1) Deputy Director Malaysia Japan University Center (MJUC) 2) Deputy Director (Extension), Centre for Extension, Entrepreneurship and Professional Advancement (APEEC) 3) Deputy Director Distance Education and Learning(IDEAL)/ Center for External Education. 4) Deputy Dean (Student Affairs & Alumni) Faculty of Educational Studies 5) HONORARY SECRETARY, ACADEMICS ASSOCIATION OF UPM

5. Bachelor of Agriculture Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM), (1981). Master of Science (Agric.) Ehime University, Japan (1990) Doctor of Philosophy (Extension), Ehime University, Japan (1993). Qualifications

6. (SPECIALIZATION: Adult education and extension education) Graduate Level: 1) Principles of Adult Education 2) Multicultural Influence in HRD 3) Extension Education 4) Extension Program Evaluation 5) Distance Education Undergraduate Level: 6) Andragogy 7) Extension Administration 8) Policy Development 9) Change Management 10) Multicultural Influence in Organization 11) Japanese Language

7. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this course, the students are able to: Identify and elaborate key elements of his/her own culture and other cultures in Malaysia/own country Analyze and relate key elements of culture (cultural dimension) to the intracultural, intercultural, and crosscultural Malaysian workplace Discuss and provide solution to issues and challenges in working across cultures,

8. This course emphasises the influence of multiculture on human resource development, the sensitivity of multiculture on labour force in Malaysia and at the international level, cross-cultural and intercultural management of international corporations). SYNOPSIS:

9. EVALUATION OF MULTICULTURAL INFLUENCES IN HRD (DCE5130) 1. Assignment 110% 2. Assignment 2 (Article Review)10% 3. Assignment 315% 4. Assignment 4 (Case Study) (Group)25 % 3. Final exam30%

10. ASSIGMENT 1 What is your understanding of your own value in your culture? Identify your core value (can be more than one values). Describe the value/s by using the key elements of culture (underlying assumption, value, symbol, ritual and hero). The assignment should be based on your own observation and experience. Some references may be useful. (At least 10 pages. 1.5 spacing) Due date: 2nd Face to Face

11. ASSIGMENT 2 (Individual) Search for ONE research article related to multicultural influences in HRD/organization. Review and discuss your chosen article based on your understanding of : 1.cultural dimensions 2.the following article: “FACILITATING HARMONY IN DIVERSITY: USING DELIGHTS, PUZZLES AND IRRITATIONS TO MEET THE CHALLENGE OF DIVERSITY” (provided in the file or at www.amauta- international.com/iaf2000/Abdullah2.PDF) (At least 3 pages. 1.5 spacing) Due date: 3rd Face to Face

12. ASSIGMENT 3 How Malaysian manager manage the organization? (intracultural or intercultural organization? Select one or two cases/activities on how manager manage the organization from cultural perpective (in terms of leadership, communication, motivating, managing conflict etc.) The assignment can be either based on your own experience or others or a research article. (At least 10 pages. 1.5 spacing) Due date: 3rd Face to Face

13. ASSIGMENT 4 CASE STUDY (GROUP ASSIGMENT) How foreigners manage and need to know about managing in Malaysia (Cross-cultural Organization)? The students are expected to do a series of interview the foreigners (particular from western countries, Japan, Korea, Taiwan or Africa’s) who worked in Malaysian organizations (company, NGO, government). At least three foreigners of managerial level should be interviewed. Focus of the paper is how foreigners manage the organization from the cultural perspective, the issues and problems, their expectation, misunderstanding, etc. (At least 15 pages. 1.5 spacing) Due date: Final Exam for Master Program

14. FINAL EXAM Focus will be given on the ability of students to analyse key dimensions/elements of own culture and other cultures, and relate and propose solutions to issues and challenges in the multicultural workplace contexts.

15. REFERENCES MAIN: Asma Abdullah (1996). Going Glocal. Malaysian Institute of Management. Shah Alam. Malaysia (Asma Abdullah (2006). Ke arah glokal : dimensi budaya dalam pengurusan Malaysia. Penterjemah Zol Azlan Hamidin. Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur:) Asma Abdullah And Aric Low (2001). Understanding the Malaysian Workforce. Guidelines for Managers. Malaysian Institute of Management. Shah Alam. Malaysia. Asma Abdullah( 2001). Pengaruh Nilai Kebudayaan Melayu Dalam Pengurusan Di Malaysia. Ph.D Dissertation. Fakulti Sains Kemasyarakatan Dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HD58.7.A86 2001)

16. REFERENCES OTHERS 1.Adler, N.J. and Gundersen, A. (2008). International Dimension of Organizational Behavior. (Fifth Edition.). South-Western, Canada. 2.Asma Abdullah and Paul B. Pedersen (2003). Understanding Multicultural Malaysia : Delights, Puzzles & Irritations. Prentice Hall, Petaling Jaya. 2003 3.Hofstede, G.H. and Hoftede, G.J. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Revised and Expanded 2 nd edition, UK: McGraw Hill. 4.Schein, E.H. (1997). Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey- Bass, UK

17. 4 PARTS. Part 3 (FACE TO FACE 3) Issues and challenges in working across cultures, namely: - when Malaysians go abroad to work - when foreigners come to live and work in Malaysia. Part 2 (FACE TO FACE 2) Relating at the intra cultural, intercultural, cross cultural Malaysian workplace Part 1: (FACE TO FACE 1) Key elements of My Own Culture and other cultures in Malaysia COURSE CONTENT

18. . Part 1: Key elements of My Own Culture and other cultures in Malaysia COURSE CONTENT oAn awareness and understanding of one's own set of values and cultural assumptions, symbols, rituals, and role models oAn understanding of values of people from different ethnic groups in the country (Malays, Chinese, Indians and Others). oCultural Similarities and Differences among Malaysians FACE TO FACE 1 Learning outcomes: The students are able to: 1) Analyse five cultural dimensions 2) Identify and elaborate cultural dimensions of his/her own culture and other cultures in Malaysia/own country

19. . Part 2 Relating at the intra cultural, intercultural, cross cultural Malaysian workplace COURSE CONTENT O Similarities and differences in values and underlying assumptions of people from different ethnic groups and how they are expressed through managerial practices O A working knowledge of the business approaches, protocol, etiquette and sensitivities as observed by each ethnic group at the workplace O Acquire appropriate skills, strategies and techniques to interact with people from different ethnic groups and cultures for business and social purposes O Forces of Change: Industrialization, Westernization, Modernization, Islamization, Vision 2020, Globalization and their impact in business O Types of workplaces: Intracultural, intercultural and cross cultural O Issues and challenges at the Malaysian workplace FACE TO FACE 2 Learning outcomes: The students are able to: 1)compare underlying assumptions (similarities and differences) among people from different ethnic groups in organization 2)assess the HRD practices/activities in organization from multicultural perspectives (in terms of leadership, communication, motivating, managing conflict etc.)

20. . COURSE CONTENT o An awareness and understanding of values and underlying assumptions of people from different cultures in business settings (Americans, Japanese, Australians, Canadians, Germans, Swedes, etc) o A knowledge of work practices as observed in different cultures: concept of time, completed staff work, ethics, work relationships, protocol, etiquette and sensitivities as observed by each culture o Acquire appropriate skills, strategies and techniques to interact with the host culture for business and social purposes o Issues and challenges of international management o Managing cross cultural interactions in business settings Part 3 Issues and challenges in working across cultures, namely: - when Malaysians go abroad to work - when foreigners come to live and work in Malaysia. FACE TO FACE 3 Learning outcomes: The students are able to: 1)Analyze cultural dimensions to multicultural workplace 2)Discuss and provide solution to issues and challenges in working across cultures

21. CULTURE -DEFINITION

22. CULTURE -definitions (Sociologists ) as regularities based on interaction — norms for behavior, long standing and widely held values, beliefs and practices -as stable. Society -social relationships existing at a given point in time Boudon et. al 1989

23. as including THINGS as well as the attitudes, values, and beliefs behavioral traits + all produced artifacts - tools, art, books and texts etc Not stable - constant process of change Malinowski (founders of Anthropology) CULTURE -definitions (Anthropologists )

24. How do Cultures? I.Growth technological growth population growth evolution? Knowledge development Internal contradictions (feminism, civil rights movement) II.Culture contact (change (cultural diffusion)) diffusion - spread, trade, war Invasion succession acculturation assimilation III.Decay Cultural Genocide Transformation into something different Decline and decadence CULTURE -definitions (Anthropologists )

25. cult (Latin)-tend, care for Cultus -care cultivation "An educated man is not always a cultured man, although a cultured man is usually educated... the cultured man is not merely the knowledgeable man, but the man who uses his knowledge humanely“(Ashley Montagu) a study of achievement and development or the higher aspects of civilization- arts, architecture, music, dance, literature, history, and philosophy etc. CULTURE -definitions (Humanities )(CARE)

26. "The total, generally organized way of life, including values, norms, institutions, and artifacts, that is passed on from generation to generation by learning alone." http://courses.ed.asu.edu/margolis/spf301.ht mlhttp://courses.ed.asu.edu/margolis/spf301.ht ml

27. Koentjaraningrat (1970) Kebudayaan berasal daripada perkataan Sanskrit 'buddhayah' iaitu bentuk jamak dari 'buddhi' yang bererti 'budi' atau 'akal'. Kebudayaan dapat diertikan sebagai 'hal-hal yang bersangkutan dengan akal'. "keseluruhan dari kelakuan dan hasil kelakuan manusia yang teratur oleh tatakelakuan yang harus diperoleh dengan cara belajar."

28. Edward B. Taylor ( 1871) "satu keseluruhan sistem yang kompleks yang mengandungi ilmu pengetahuan, kepercayaan, kesenian, kesusilaan, undang- undang,adat resam dan kebolehan- kebolehan lain, serta kebiasaan yang diperoleh oleh manusia sebagai anggota masyarakatnya."

29. Lucy Mair (1965) "milik bersama sesuatu masyarakat yang mempunyai tradisi yang sama." Horskovit "is a way of life atau satu cara hidup."

30. Budaya itu adalah satu cara hidup yang merujuk kepada tamadun sesuatu masyarakat yang diwarisi dan bersifat dinamik. Di samping itu ada unsur- unsur menerima dan menolak yang dipraktikkan oleh sesuatu masyarakat dalam satu keseluruhan kehidupan yang meliputi ilmu pengetahuan, kepercayaan, kesenian, kesusilaan, adat resam, undang-undang, ekonomi, dan sistem simbol yang menjadi milik bersama.

31. SCHEIN’S definition of culture shared solutions to universal problems of external adaptation (how to survive) and internal integration (how to stay together) - which have evolved over time and are handed down from one generation to the next –Schein, 1985 emic, universal problems where the solution is unique for a particular group, etic why do people behave as they do? Basic assumption, WELTANSCHAUUNG

32. ……. the collective programming of the body, mind and spirit which distinguishes members of one group (nation, ethnic group, company or category) of people from another. (born into, assimilation, acculturation, immersion)(Asmah, 1996) DEFINING CULTURE is learned behavior and is transmitted by education

33. KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE 1.Symbols (Simbol) 2.Rituals (Upacara amal) 3.Heroes (Peranan Ketua/Wira) 4.Values (Nilai) 5.Underlying Assumptions (Andaian Dasar)

34. ICEBERG

35. THE ICEBERG ANALOGY OF CULTURE Puzzles and Irritations Seen, Explicit Unseen, Implicit Values and Underlying Assumptions Symbols, Rituals and heroes Delights

36. The roots Akar umbi Unconscious Values and Underlying assumptions Conscious Symbols, rituals and role models

37. 1. SYMBOLS

38. 2. RITUALS

39. Lim Goh Tong 3. HEROES

40. KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE VALUES What we believe in.. shoulds, oughts, and musts inferred from our behaviours PRACTICES Overt behaviors to demonstrate values PRACTICES Overt behaviors to demonstrate values ROLE MODELS RITUALS How do we do things…meetings, celebrations SYMBOLS What we can see and hear…language, objects, jargon, objects, ways of dressing Who are our heroes/heroines UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS ways of perceiving, thinking and evaluating the world around us

41. 4. VALUES Ex: Harmony, Family centeredness Respect for elders, Polite behavior Humility, Religious, Prosperity Hardwork, Shame, Wealth, Risk taking, Champion of causes, Teamwork

42. 5. UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION We Harmony Relationship Hierarchy Shame High context communication Polychronic time orientation Religious/Spritual

43. LINKING KEY ELEMENT OF CULTURE SAFETY (VALUE) WEALTH, philanthropy (VALUE)

44. SymbolsMalay house, verandah. color green, salam, songkok, selendang, keris. Kiss hand of elders RitualsGreetings, salutations, praying slaughtering/halal food, eating with fingers, Open House for Hari Raya, adat formalities protocol HeroesPenghulus, Imam, village elders, Dr Mahathir Mohamed, Values Harmony, Family centeredness, Respect for elders, Polite behavior,Humility, Modesty, Showing gratitude, Religious Underlying assumptions: Man’s relationship with Nature Eco-friendly, harmony with others Man’s relationship with people Relationship orientation, Group oriented, Shame driven, Hierarchical Man’s relationship with God Belief in both acquired and revealed knowledge KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE: Malay

45. SymbolsFengshui, Red color, Dragon, Tiger, Lantern, Expensive cars RitualsTea ceremony, Lion dance, Cheng beng ceremony, Joystick praying, Reunion dinners HeroesConfucius, scholars, Educators, Sun Tzu, businesspersons, Parents Values Education, Prosperity, Harmony, Family centeredness, Respect for elders, Hardwork, Shame, Wealth, Face saving, Food, Risk taking Underlying assumptions: Man’s relationship with Nature Harmony driven Man’s relationship with people Relationship orientation, Man’s relationship with God Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE: Chinese

46. SymbolsBanana leaf, coconut leaves, sarees, pottu, kolam RitualsOffering garlands, chewing beetle leaves, bangle ceremony HeroesParents, film stars, spiritual figures, teachers, union leaders Values God fearing, Spirituality, Harmony, Family centeredness, Respect for elders, Hardwork, Champion of causes Underlying assumptions: Man’s relationship with Nature Harmony driven Man’s relationship with people Relationship orientation, Hierarchical Man’s relationship with God Karma, Hinduism KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE: Indians

47. SymbolsEagle - freedom, strength, individuality, Flag. Big Mac, Disney, Coke RitualsHolidays. Independence Day, Thanks giving, Going to Church on Sundays HeroesFounding fathers, Martin Luther King, Athletes, Entertainers ValuesTask orientation, Individualism, Punctuality, Money, Privacy, Competitiveness, Underlying assumptions: Man’s relationship with Nature Control, Mastery Man’s relationship with people Individualism, Task driven, Monochronic time, Low context, Guilt, Equality Man’s relationship with God Secular KEY ELEMENTS OF CULTURE: Americans

48. Anglos Malaysians n: 1000 CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN UNDERSTANDING MALAYSIANS @asma

49. Accommodation Acculturation Affirmative action Assimilation Assumptions Attribution theory Collectivism Colonization Consensus Context: Low/ High Control Corporate Cross cultural Culture Diversity Egalitarian Emic-Etic Ethnocentricism Face saving Related self Relationship orientation Rituals Role models/heroes Secular Sensitivity Separated self Shame Socialization Symbolic conformity Symbols Task orientation Uncertainty avoidance Universalism Values Westernization Globalization Guilt Harmony Hierarchy Homogeneity Indigenization Individualism Industrialization Ingroup-outgroup Intercultural Internalization Intracultural Locus of control: Localization Modernity Modernization Monochronic time Multicultural Particularism Polychronic time Power distance Part 4 Key concepts and theories in the field of cross cultural/multicultural mgt.

50. Terima Kasih Thank You Xie Xie Nandree Shukran mamnon @asma Tashako ur ( Mammnoun& Merci )