1. Introduction to the cell

2. Cells in General The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others, such as nerve and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like organism, which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter to the egg yolks of ostriches (8 cm). Single celled protozoans A nerve cell

3. Common cell structures Although they may differ in appearance and function, all cells have a external cell membrane and an internal, watery substance called the cytoplasm. Within the cell is genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), whish is the instructions for the behavior and reproduction of the cell. Cell membrane And cytoplasm

4. Cell composition Cells are composed of O 2, H 2, C, and N 2 which combined into organic compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids (fats), and carbohydrates. Water makes up 65 percent of the cell, since it is a favorable environment for biochemical reactions. Water is essential for all life since it is a major component of the cell. Frog eggs in water

5. Cell function Cells use energy to perform cell functions: movement, growth, maintenance and repair of cell structure, reproduction of the cell, and manufacture of specialized cell products such as enzymes and hormones. Bacteria cells on a head on pencil

6. DNA Within the cell is genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is the instructions for the behavior and reproduction of the cell.

7. Types of cells Cells are of two distinctly different types, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic

8. Prokaryotic cells Pro- “before” A cell smaller than eukaryotic It has a simple interior organization with a single strand of hereditary material (DNA, RNA) Prokaryotic cells do not have a cell organelles Ex bacteria Bacteria- a prokaryote

9. Eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells are more diverse and complex All eukaryotic cells possess membrane- bound organelles which are like small cell organs The DNA of eukaryotes is stored in the nucleus Most living cells such as plant, animal, fungus and protists are eukaryotes Most plants, fungus and animals are eukaryotes