1. Florence/Workshop Two Perceptions of Teaching: The Professional Perception - Teaching is a complex process which includes: 1. Identifying students' needs 2. Understanding educational goals 3. Planning instruction 4. Implementing their instructional plans 5. Assessing instruction and student learning 6. Revising their instructional plans 7. Implementing…. 8. Assessing… 9. Revising … The Bureaucratic Perception – Teaching is a simple process in which: 1. Educational goals and the curriculum are set by administrators and subject matter experts 2. Teaching methods are prescribed/recommended by educational research 3. Instructional materials are developed by experts outside the school 4. The responsibility of the teacher is to implement a pre-determined curriculum 5. Students' achievements are assessed externally

2. For a professional perception of teaching you need – 1. Respect for the teaching profession 2. Provide teachers with high quality training 3. Create within the school a culture of learning, self evaluation and reflection 4. Internal and external evaluation For a bureaucratic perception of teaching You need – 1. A national curriculum 2. National Standards 3. An accountability system 4. External evaluation for schools

3. Developing Evaluation within the school Ingredients: 1.Awareness 2.Training 3.Organizational resources 1. Process of development: Phase 1 - Basic training Phase 2 - Establishing a school evaluation team Phase 3 - Institutionalizing the evaluation Phase 4 - Establishing a dialogue with external evaluation