1. Warm up Which approach comes to mind for each of the following… 1. Unconscious mind, primitive urges vs. morality 2. Self-actualization 3. Brain, nervous system 4. Socioeconomic, culture 5. Observable behaviors, reinforcement/punishment 6. Memory, thought process

2. Psychologist- individuals who have been trained to observe, analyze and evaluate behavior. Psychiatrist- Treat individuals with disturbed behavior. Psychiatrist CAN prescribe medicine. SOOO… who actually uses these approaches?!

3. GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY Why study animals and humans?

4. GOAL #1 - DESCRIBE Gather information about a behavior being studied Present what is known What is a behavior?

5. GOAL #2- EXPLANATION Beyond just stating facts WHY Psychological principles- valid ideas about behavior Proposed as a hypothesis Complex explanations : THEORIES

6. GOAL #3- PREDICTION AFTER knowledge has been accumulated What is my dog going to do next? How will Lanae feel when her mom yells at her? Study past behaviors

7. GOAL #4- INFLUENCE Basic science- research How can what we already know help others? Applied science- solve problems

8. How do we know this is accurate? SCIENTIFIC METHOD Facts are based on data through RESEARCH

9. PAGE 36-41: RESEARCH STEP ONE- STEP TWO- STEP THREE-

10. SAMPLE REPRESENTATIVE NONREPRESENTATIVE

11. AVOIDING NONREPRESENTATIVE 1. 2.

12. How far can an average 50 year old man run? Representative- includes a wide variety of 50 year old men Nonrepresentative- includes a variety of 50 year old men, 95% who are marathon runners

13. METHODS Naturalistic Observation- observes the individual/animal in their natural setting (unaware) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3np1TeltSU What is a PRO about this method?

14. METHODS Case Study- intensive study on one or more individuals These can NOT be generalized!!!

15. METHODS Surveys- many individuals asked a set of questions

16. METHODS Longitudinal Study- Same group of individuals studied at set intervals for a long range of time. Focus on change in characteristics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-yKeJg-So

17. METHODS Cross-Sectional Studies- data is collected from groups of different ages then compared What might this type of study help psychologists figure out?

18. Correlation Relationship between two sets of data Can be positive OR negative, or show no correlation Correlation does NOT equal causation

19. EXPERIMENTS How would this differ from the previous research methods?

20. EXPERIMENTS control the situation Variable-factor which is capable of change INDEPENDENT VS. DEPENDENT The experimenter can change or alter Experimental group is exposed to this variable Changes in relation to the independent variable (if there is an affect)

21. We are becoming psychologists!