1. World War I American History

2. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 2 Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific Section 2: War with Spain Section 3: Expansion in Latin America Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

3. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 3 Objectives: What major factors drove imperialism? What major factors drove imperialism? How did the United States acquire Hawaii? How did the United States acquire Hawaii? What was the U.S. role in China? What was the U.S. role in China? How did Japan become a world power? How did Japan become a world power? Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

4. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 4 Factors that drove imperialism the need for markets the need for markets the need for raw materials the need for raw materials the desire for power the desire for power the desire for prestige the desire for prestige Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

5. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 5 Acquisition of Hawaii American missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the 1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade. American missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the 1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade. In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs, but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status. In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs, but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status. In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution. In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution. In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898. U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898. Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

6. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 6 U.S. role in China promoted the Open Door policy promoted the Open Door policy helped other foreign countries put down the Boxer Rebellion helped other foreign countries put down the Boxer Rebellion pressured foreign powers to observe open trade throughout China and preserve China’s right to rule its own territory pressured foreign powers to observe open trade throughout China and preserve China’s right to rule its own territory Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

7. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 7 Steps that led Japan to become a world power agreed to Western demands for trade agreed to Western demands for trade industrialized rapidly industrialized rapidly built up its army and navy built up its army and navy attacked Russia in 1904 attacked Russia in 1904 negotiated a peace treaty with Russia negotiated a peace treaty with Russia Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

8. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 8 Objectives: How did Spain respond to the revolt in Cuba? How did Spain respond to the revolt in Cuba? What were the major causes of the Spanish- American War? What were the major causes of the Spanish- American War? What were the major battles of the Spanish- American War? What were the major battles of the Spanish- American War? What happened to the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? What happened to the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? Section 2: War with Spain

9. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 9 Spanish response to the Cuban revolt exiled many leaders of the independence movement exiled many leaders of the independence movement sent soldiers to fight rebels sent soldiers to fight rebels sent General Valeriano Weyler to put down the revolt sent General Valeriano Weyler to put down the revolt Section 2: War with Spain

10. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 10 Causes of the Spanish-American War imperialist ambition imperialist ambition humanitarian sympathy for the rebels humanitarian sympathy for the rebels yellow journalism yellow journalism the destruction of the USS Maine the destruction of the USS Maine Section 2: War with Spain

11. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 11 Major battles of the Spanish-American War U.S. naval bombardment of Manila Bay in the Philippines U.S. naval bombardment of Manila Bay in the Philippines battle for Manila battle for Manila battle for El Caney battle for El Caney battle for San Juan Hill in Cuba battle for San Juan Hill in Cuba battle between U.S. and Spanish navies off the coast of Cuba battle between U.S. and Spanish navies off the coast of Cuba battle between U.S. and Spanish forces in Puerto Rico battle between U.S. and Spanish forces in Puerto Rico Section 2: War with Spain

12. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 12 The Philippines after the Spanish- American War Emilio Aquinaldo set up a provisional government. Emilio Aquinaldo set up a provisional government. U.S. annexed the Philippines. U.S. annexed the Philippines. Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. troops for control and lost in 1902. Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. troops for control and lost in 1902. Philippines gained independence in 1946. Philippines gained independence in 1946. Section 2: War with Spain

13. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 13 Objectives: How did the United States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? How did the United States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? What were the major obstacles to building the Panama Canal? What were the major obstacles to building the Panama Canal? What was U.S. policy toward Latin America during the late 1800s and early 1900s? What was U.S. policy toward Latin America during the late 1800s and early 1900s? Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

14. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 14 Government of Cuba The Platt Amendment made Cuba a protectorate. The Platt Amendment made Cuba a protectorate. In 1934 the United States renounced the right to interfere in Cuban affairs. In 1934 the United States renounced the right to interfere in Cuban affairs. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

15. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 15 Government of Puerto Rico The Foraker Act established a territorial government in Puerto Rico. The Foraker Act established a territorial government in Puerto Rico. The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and the right to elect both houses of the legislature. The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and the right to elect both houses of the legislature. In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth. In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

16. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 16 Major obstacles to the Panama Canal harsh working conditions harsh working conditions shortages of labor and materials shortages of labor and materials outbreak of yellow fever outbreak of yellow fever Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

17. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 17 U.S. policy toward Latin America, late 1800s—early 1900s The Roosevelt Corollary claimed police powers for the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere. The Roosevelt Corollary claimed police powers for the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere. Taft favored dollar diplomacy—the investment of U.S. capital in Latin America to replace European investments. Taft favored dollar diplomacy—the investment of U.S. capital in Latin America to replace European investments. Wilson wanted to establish constitutional democracies in Latin America. Wilson wanted to establish constitutional democracies in Latin America. Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

18. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 18 Objectives: What were the major events of the Mexican Revolution? What were the major events of the Mexican Revolution? What were the causes of U.S. intervention in Mexico? What were the causes of U.S. intervention in Mexico? What were the outcomes of the Mexican Revolution? What were the outcomes of the Mexican Revolution? Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

19. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 19 Major events of the Mexican Revolution Porfirio Díaz used force and fraud to win an eighth term as president of Mexico. Porfirio Díaz used force and fraud to win an eighth term as president of Mexico. Emiliano Zapata led a rebel army demanding land for the mostly American Indian peasant population. Emiliano Zapata led a rebel army demanding land for the mostly American Indian peasant population. Francisco Madero unified the opposition groups and won the presidency after Diaz’s overthrow. Francisco Madero unified the opposition groups and won the presidency after Diaz’s overthrow. Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government and restored calm. Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government and restored calm. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

20. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 20 Causes of U.S. intervention in Mexico Madero’s murder outraged Wilson. Madero’s murder outraged Wilson. Wilson used the arrest of some U.S. sailors as justification for using armed force. Wilson used the arrest of some U.S. sailors as justification for using armed force. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

21. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 21 Outcomes of the Mexican Revolution For a while, Pancho Villa controlled much of Mexico, but when he lost power he launched a raid of revenge on the U.S. For a while, Pancho Villa controlled much of Mexico, but when he lost power he launched a raid of revenge on the U.S. Pershing led U.S. forces into Chihuahua, and the U.S. stationed National Guardsmen along the Mexican border. Pershing led U.S. forces into Chihuahua, and the U.S. stationed National Guardsmen along the Mexican border. The U.S. went too far, the Mexicans fought back, and U.S. troops withdrew. The U.S. went too far, the Mexicans fought back, and U.S. troops withdrew. Venustiano Carranza put a new constitution into effect in 1917. Venustiano Carranza put a new constitution into effect in 1917. Section 4: Conflict with Mexico

22. World War I American History

23. Table of Contents Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4

24. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 24 Objectives: What were the major causes of unrest in Europe? What were the major causes of unrest in Europe? What were the results of the early fighting in the war? What were the results of the early fighting in the war? Why did the war settle into a stalemate? Why did the war settle into a stalemate? Section 1: World War I Breaks Out

25. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 25 Causes of unrest in Europe nationalism and territorial rivalries nationalism and territorial rivalries strong spirit of militarism strong spirit of militarism system of alliances that could turn a local conflict into a global war system of alliances that could turn a local conflict into a global war Section 1: World War I Breaks Out

26. Nationalism and Territorial rivalries 26 The region was called the Powder Keg of Europe Bulgarians Montenegrins Serbs all wanted their own nation Tension were immanent.

27. Nationalism and Territorial rivalries 27

28. Alliances 28 Alliances also cause problems. Why? Look at the graphic to the left.

29. Militarism and Alliances 29 Militarism – Glorification of military strength. Countries next to each other that have militarism cause what? A Arms Races

30. Militarism and Alliances 30 Arms Race Arms Race When countries compete to see who can have the bigger military. When countries compete to see who can have the bigger military.

31. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 31 Results of early fighting France was defeated quickly. France was defeated quickly. Great Britain was isolated. Great Britain was isolated. A war of attrition began. A war of attrition began. Section 1: World War I Breaks Out

32. War of Attrition 32 What is a war of Attrition What is a war of Attrition

33. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 33 Reasons for stalemate World War I settled into a stalemate because trench warfare, a new type of fighting involving massive artillery barrages followed by infantry charges, emerged. Section 1: World War I Breaks Out

34. Stale Mate 34 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.

35. Stale Mate 35 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger Gun

36. Stale Mate 36 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger bigger Gun

37. Stale Mate 37 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger bigger bigger Gun

38. Stale Mate 38 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun

39. Stale Mate 39 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun

40. Stale Mate 40 What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy. You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun

41. New Weapons 41 Planes Planes Gas Gas Tanks Tanks Ships Ships U-boats U-boats Machine guns Machine guns

42. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 42 Objectives: What challenges did the United States face while trying to remain neutral? What challenges did the United States face while trying to remain neutral? What events led to U.S. entry into World War I? What events led to U.S. entry into World War I? How did the United States prepare its military for war? How did the United States prepare its military for war? What types of experiences did Americans have while serving in Europe? What types of experiences did Americans have while serving in Europe? Section 2: The United States Goes to War

43. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 43 Difficulties of neutrality conflicting sympathies and opinions conflicting sympathies and opinions British propaganda campaign British propaganda campaign British navy blockade British navy blockade German submarine attacks German submarine attacks Section 2: The United States Goes to War

44. U.S. Sympathies 44 Germans Italians British Eastern Europeans Asian

45. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 45 Events leading to U.S. entry into WWI the German attack on the Sussex in 1916 the German attack on the Sussex in 1916 German resumption of full-scale U-boat warfare in 1917 German resumption of full-scale U-boat warfare in 1917 publication of the Zimmerman Note publication of the Zimmerman Note Section 2: The United States Goes to War

46. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 46 U.S. military preparations Congress passed the Selective Service Act. Congress passed the Selective Service Act. Congress established a massive soldier-training program. Congress established a massive soldier-training program. Section 2: The United States Goes to War

47. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 47 American experiences in Europe Pershing insisted that the Americans fight as a group. Pershing insisted that the Americans fight as a group. The troops sailed to Europe using the convoy system. The troops sailed to Europe using the convoy system. The Americans marched through Paris, stopping at Lafayette’s tomb. The Americans marched through Paris, stopping at Lafayette’s tomb. Army engineers built military and support facilities and communications networks. Army engineers built military and support facilities and communications networks. American women served as nurses and volunteers. American women served as nurses and volunteers. Section 2: The United States Goes to War

48. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 48 Objectives: How did the U.S. government prepare the nation for war? How did the U.S. government prepare the nation for war? How did organized labor and volunteers contribute to the war effort? How did organized labor and volunteers contribute to the war effort? Why did African Americans move north? Why did African Americans move north? How did the government create support for, and limit opposition to, the war? How did the government create support for, and limit opposition to, the war? Section 3: The War at Home

49. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 49 U.S. preparation for war The government established programs to finance the war. The government established programs to finance the war. Programs established to conserve scare resources. Programs established to conserve scare resources. Industry and labor redirected toward wartime production. Industry and labor redirected toward wartime production. Wilson launched a propaganda campaign. Wilson launched a propaganda campaign. Section 3: The War at Home

50. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 50 Organized labor filled posts to replace soldiers filled posts to replace soldiers went on strike to demand higher wages and benefits went on strike to demand higher wages and benefits improved working conditions during the war improved working conditions during the war Section 3: The War at Home

51. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 51 Volunteers conserved energy and recycled essential materials conserved energy and recycled essential materials grew vegetables in victory gardens grew vegetables in victory gardens purchased liberty bonds purchased liberty bonds founded support organizations founded support organizations Section 3: The War at Home

52. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 52 Reasons for African Americans to move north job opportunities job opportunities prospect of higher wages prospect of higher wages recruitment efforts recruitment efforts better living conditions better living conditions Section 3: The War at Home

53. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 53 Government management of support Committee on Public Information issued propaganda. Committee on Public Information issued propaganda. Dissent on war issues was suppressed. Dissent on war issues was suppressed. Section 3: The War at Home

54. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 54 Objectives: What were the final events of World War I? What were the final events of World War I? What were the goals of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points? What were the goals of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points? What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? What was the global impact of World War I? What was the global impact of World War I? Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath

55. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 55 Final events of World War I Germans fail to capture Paris in 1918. Germans fail to capture Paris in 1918. Allies push forward in the Argonne offensive. Allies push forward in the Argonne offensive. Mutinies break out in the German army and navy, and civilians riot over food. Mutinies break out in the German army and navy, and civilians riot over food. Armistice signed on November 11, 1918. Armistice signed on November 11, 1918. Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath

56. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 56 Goals of the Fourteen Points provide self-determination provide self-determination resolution of territorial disputes resolution of territorial disputes end secret diplomacy and the arms race end secret diplomacy and the arms race stop violations of freedom of the seas stop violations of freedom of the seas end trade barriers end trade barriers Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath

57. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 57 Terms of the Treaty of Versailles divided Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman Empire among Allied nations divided Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman Empire among Allied nations established a mandate system established a mandate system created new nations created new nations Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath

58. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 58 Reasons for Senate rejection of Treaty of Versailles Some senators rejected the League of Nations completely. Some senators rejected the League of Nations completely. Some senators rejected Article 10 in the League Covenant because it might force the U.S. into an unwanted war. Some senators rejected Article 10 in the League Covenant because it might force the U.S. into an unwanted war. Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath

59. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 59 Global impact of World War I heavy human cost heavy human cost heavy economic cost heavy economic cost growing chaos in Germany growing chaos in Germany territorial disputes in Europe and the Middle East territorial disputes in Europe and the Middle East Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath