1. Chapter 11 Protists

2. Protista (Protists)
Some are too tiny to be seen without a microscope while others are meters long
Some are like animals, plants or fungi

3. General Characteristics
All are eukaryotic, have nuclei
Most are single celled but some are multi cellular
Scientists believe more complex organisms originated from protists

4. Protists
Producers- get food through photosynthesis
Consumers- get food from other sources
Grouped by how they get food into 3 groups

5. Funguslike Protists
Get food from dead organic matter
Secrete juices into the food source and absorb the digested nutrients
Reproduce like fungus

6. Slime Mold Thin masses of living matter
Colorful, shapeless globs of slime
Live as single celled organisms, but congregate in times of stress

7. Slime molds
Live in cool, shady moist places in the woods and fresh water
Eat bacteria, yeast, small bits of decaying plants and animal matter

8. Unfavorable Conditions
Slime molds develop stalk-like structures with rounded knobs at the top (spores)
The spores can survive a long time without nutrients until conditions improve

10. Water Molds Most are small and single celled
Live in water, moist soil or other organisms
Decomposers or parasites
Caused the Great Potato Famine

12. Plantlike Protists
Producers
Algae (alga) have chlorophyll (pigment for photosynthesis) and other pigments
Almost all live in water

13. Seaweed or Kelp
Multicellular algae
Live near the shore
Can grow to be
meters in length

14. Phytoplankton Single celled algae Usually float near the surface
Produce most of the world’s oxygen
Divided into phyla based on color and cell structure

16. Algin and Carageenan
2 substances extracted from algae used in many foods
Including ice cream , salad dressing, jelly beans and instant pudding

17. Volvox
An example specimen of green algae
Single celled but live in colonies
You will see in lab

19. Diatoms Single celled, unusual shapes Found in salt and fresh water
Contain silica (a glass-like substance) and cellulose
Used in tooth paste and silver polish

21. Dinoflagellates Single celled, live primarily in salt water,
Have 2 flagella, whip-like strand used for movement
Some are red and produce a poison which can cause red tides
If fish eat enough of the poison, they can be toxic to humans

23. Euglenoids
Single celled, live in fresh water, characteristics of plants and animals
Use photosynthesis and consume food
Have one flagella (whip-like tail) and contractile vacuoles

25. Grouped into 4 categories
Animal-like Protists
Protozoa
Grouped into 4 categories
Amoebalike protists
Flagellates
Cilliates
Spore forming protists

26. Amoebalike protists Soft jelly-like, contractile vacuoles
Move with psuedopodia (false feet)
Feed by engulfing food
Include Foraminiferans and Radiolarians (amoeba like with shells)

28. Flagellates Flagella for movement Parasites
Giardia lamblia found in water, affects hikers when drinking untreated water
Another lives in the guts of termites to help them digest the cellulose in wood

30. Most complex protozoans
Cilliates
Most complex protozoans
Covered in tiny hair-like projections called cillia
used for movement and feeding
Best known is Paramecium

32. Spore-Forming Protists
Parasites, no cillia or flagella present so they can’t move on their own
Have complicated life cycles
Malaria caused by Plasmodia vivax

34. Reproduction of Protists
Asexual – one parent
Fission- dividing of parent into 2 organisms
Euglena and Amoeba
Sexual – 2 parents
Conjugation – swap DNA and then divide
Paramecium