1. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Use the information to identify gaps Northern Madagascar

2. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Prioritise gaps to be filled Kinabatangan River, Malaysia

3. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Valle des Baobabs: Madagascar Agree strategy and take action

4. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Increasingly these processes are expected to involve a wide range of stakeholders…

5. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Filling the gaps All gaps can ’ t be filled at once, so PRIORITIZE. Prioritize based on threat, leverage, opportunity, irreplaceability, feasibility Consider early wins to build momentum, enthusiasm for protected areas locally and nationally

6. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Options for filling gaps Create new protected areas Expand boundaries of existing protected areas Improve management of existing managed areas Consider other conserved areas

7. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Creating NEW protected areas New federal lands – consider issues of compensation, land and water purchase/acquisition Consider supporting creation of state and municipal reserves as part of national PA network (e.g. Bolivia) Consider aligning with other socio- economic-cultural opportunities, e.g. ecosystem services, cultural sites, recreational sites Use a variety of different management purposes (categories) and governance types to meet goals.

8. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Other managed areas as seeds for protected areas Forest Reserves (state, community, indigenous –owned) Riparian or wetland protection policies Fisheries regulations Recreational areas Other Conventions (e.g. Ramsar)

9. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 IUCN has a definition and six categories of protected areas, defined by their management objective Managed mainly for science or wilderness protectionIa Managed mainly for wilderness protectionIb Managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreationII Managed mainly for conservation of specific natural featuresIII Managed mainly for conservation of species and habitatsIV Managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation or recreationV Managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural resources VI An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means

10. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Need for restoration? Restoration may be necessary to have functional sites that will meet conservation, protection goals May be passive succession, designation of only partially degraded lands (e.g. shaded agriculture), or active restoration efforts Important to identify best locales where restoration can be successful (e.g. with sources of plants, wildlife)

11. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Consider Other Forms of Reserves and Governance Promoting Private Reserves Supporting Indigenous Managed Lands Looking at co- management options

12. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Governance type IUCN category (management objective) A. Protected areas managed by the government B. Co-managed protected areas C. Private protected areasD. Indigenous and Community conserved areas Federal or nationalministry or agency inchargeLocal ministry or agencyin chargeManagement delegatedby the government (e.g.To an NGO)Transboundaryprotected areaCollaborativemanagement (variouspluralist influences)Collaborativemanagement (pluralistmanagement boardDeclared and run byprivate individualDeclared and run bynon-profit organisationsDeclared and run by for-profit individualsDeclared and runbyindigenous peoplesDeclared and run bylocal communities I – Strict nature reserve or wilderness areas II – Ecosystem protection and recreation III – Natural monument IV – Protection of habitats and species V – Protection of landscapes or seascapes VI – Protection and sustainable resource use IUCN increasing sees protected areas being defined by both management objectives (category) and governance type

13. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Elements of a gap analysis Improved management of existing protected areas Improved management effectiveness to make paper parks functional. Adjust and expand boundaries to capture biodiversity representation and ecological needs Changes in governance and protected area category

14. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 The gap analysis should also at least consider well-managed land and water outside protected areas Bamburi quarry: Kenya

15. Gap analysis presentation: November 2008 Thank you