1. Taiga or Boreal Forest By: Ciara Resler, Jordan Stacy, Rebecca Silverstein and Troy Gleeson

2. A Needleleaf Forest Climate: temperature is below freezing for six months out of the year Climate: temperature is below freezing for six months out of the year Summer: 20 to 70° F Summer: 20 to 70° F Mostly warm, rainy and humid Mostly warm, rainy and humid Winter: -54 to -1° F Winter: -54 to -1° F Extremely cold, plenty of snow Extremely cold, plenty of snow Total precipitation of the year: 30-85 cm.

3. Climate Supports harsh living standards in most areas Supports harsh living standards in most areas Some animals can't survive in such cold living conditions Ex. animals with fur Ex. animals with fur Trees and other vegetation have to survive harsh, frigid winds and lack of lack of heat Ex. Evergreens Ex. Evergreens

4. Biome Location Located in North America and Eurasia and Eurasia Elevation: 1800 ft.

5. Elevations and Major Landforms -Mountains --hills --ponds --plains

6. Environmental Concerns Many components are hurting the Taiga. Fortunately, there are ways to fix them. Many components are hurting the Taiga. Fortunately, there are ways to fix them.

7. Human Resources Bad: large areas of the taiga are being cut down for lumber and paper products. Logging, mining, and oil and gas production requires trees to be cleared. Things we can do : quit cutting down trees, plant trees to maintain the taiga, and set government laws to protect it.

8. Climate Change Bad: temperatures have been gradually rising over time. Lack of moisture is increasing. The taiga could potentially be replaced by parkland, grassland, or temperate forest. Evergreens are dying out, and other plants are growing too rapidly. Things we can do : go green. The increase in temperatures can be stopped if we plant more trees and conserve our energy sources.

9. White Spruce Needles length: 2.5 centimeters Needles length: 2.5 centimeters Color: Evergreen Color: Evergreen Height: (average 150 ft.) Height: (average 150 ft.) Needles hold moisture Needles hold moisture Hold needles for over 15 years Hold needles for over 15 years Able to survive in moist areas Able to survive in moist areas

10. Paper Birch Thin bark Thin bark Peels horizontal Peels horizontal Grows in clusters Grows in clusters Average height 60 to 80 ft. Average height 60 to 80 ft. Produce scaly spikes that hold flowers Produce scaly spikes that hold flowers Able to survive from the soil Able to survive from the soil

11. Jack Pine Average height 27 meters Average height 27 meters Needle Color: reddish brown Needle Color: reddish brown Provide nutrients for animals Provide nutrients for animals Turns grey as it gets older Turns grey as it gets older Wax pine needles and rough bark allow survival. Wax pine needles and rough bark allow survival. Seeds located and produced inside their pinecones (dark brown) Seeds located and produced inside their pinecones (dark brown)

12. Species Canada: 85 types of mammals 85 types of mammals 130 types of fish 130 types of fish 32,000 types of insects 32,000 types of insects Beavers Beavers Wolves Wolves Grizzly bears Grizzly bearsSiberia: 300 types of birds 300 types of birds 30 types of birds stay for winter 30 types of birds stay for winter Ravens Ravens Golden Eagles Golden Eagles Crossbills Crossbills

13. Predators Golden Eagles Golden Eagles Ultimate predator in the sky, can eat almost anything; rodents, larger birds, and deer Ultimate predator in the sky, can eat almost anything; rodents, larger birds, and deer Grizzly Bears Grizzly Bears Perfect in their environment; omnivores, eat salmon, caribou, and seeds Perfect in their environment; omnivores, eat salmon, caribou, and seeds

14. Predators (continued) Wolves Wolves Have an abundance of prey, feast on all types of rodents; thick furs allow them to survive harsh living conditions Have an abundance of prey, feast on all types of rodents; thick furs allow them to survive harsh living conditions Ravens Ravens can survive the harsh climates and are scavengers can survive the harsh climates and are scavengers

15. Foundation Crossbills – beaks have adapted, allowing them to get seeds from cones Crossbills – beaks have adapted, allowing them to get seeds from cones Deer – provide a great amount of food to the other animals Deer – provide a great amount of food to the other animals

16. Foundation (continued) Beavers – help the prey hide from the predators; their dams allow deep still water to provide a barrier; also allows food and building materials to float to the surface Beavers – help the prey hide from the predators; their dams allow deep still water to provide a barrier; also allows food and building materials to float to the surface White-Throated Sparrow – have the most difficult job in the forest; main goal is to keep the insect population under control White-Throated Sparrow – have the most difficult job in the forest; main goal is to keep the insect population under control

17. Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taigahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Sparrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbill http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/northern-boreal-forest- fire-fireweed-6309-pictures.htm http://terriffictaiga.blogspot.com/2007/04/taiga- landforms.html http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES / GEOG235/ biomes/taiga/taiga.html