1. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U

2. Tonsillitis Description Cause Treatment red, swollen tonsils
sore throat, fever
swollen glands
Cause
a virus or bacteria
Treatment
Surgically removing

3. Laryngitis Description Inflammation of the larynx
Vocal cords cannot vibrate
Cause
caused by a infection or
allergy or by overstraining
the voice
Treatment
Rest

4. Pneumonia Description inflammation in one or both lungs
A disease that causes
inflammation in one or
both lungs
Alveoli fill with thick fluid
making gas exchange
difficult
Cause
Caused by viral or bacteria infection
Treatment
Antibiotics or anti-viral medication

5. Bronchitis Description Bronchi red & inflamed Coughing brings up mucus
Chronic  cilia lining destroyed
 limit ability to clear mucus
Cause
Bacteria
Prolonged exposure to dust,
chemicals, cigarette smoke
Treatment
Antibiotics,
Chronic  no cure but
treat with quit smoking,
medications, exercising

6. Asthma
Description
Airways inflamed, bronchioles constrict, thus difficult for air to pass
Cause
Inhaled irritants 
pollen, dust, smoke
Treatment
Inhaler  medication in mist
or powder
Medication relax muscles around airways

7. Emphysema Description Cause Treatment No cure
Alveoli lose elasticity, burst, fuse into enlarged spaces reduce SA for gas exchange  less O2
Cause
smoking
Treatment
No cure
Use inhaler to open airways,
O2 tank to boost O2 supply
to body

8. Cystic Fibrosis Description Cause Treatment
Thick mucus in lungs  inflammation
infection due to trapped bacteria
Cause
Gene mutation causes cells lining in
airways to release thick mucus
Pancreatic ducts blocked
Treatment
Gene therapy
Symptoms treated with medication
to thin mucus
antibiotics

9. TUBERCULOSIS Description Damages the tissues of the lungs
and interferes with gas exchange
Cause
Bacterial infection caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
Treatment
Six-month treatment with antibiotics
Vaccine available protecting children

10. Lung Cancer Description Cause Treatment
Uncontrolled cell growth  carcinoma
Cancer cells break away & spread to other organs
Cause
Smoking
Pollutants, radon gas, asbestos
Treatment
Radiation, chemotherapy 
destroy cancer cells
Surgery or laser surgery 
remove tumours

11. Hiccups, Yawns, Coughs, Sneezes ????

12. Every once in a while your diaphragm may go into spasms of contractions.
The reason for this isn’t clear, but the result is: you “hiccup”.

13. diaphragm muscle contracts suddenly, it flattens out and air rapidly rushes in to your lungs.
To stop this rush the epiglottis clamps down over the trachea (windpipe), producing the “hic” sound.
The airflow is stopped so quickly by this action that your body suffers a jolt. The “cup” sound is produced by the air rushing out by epiglottis when it relaxes.

15. How long do they last?
In general … a couple of seconds to a couple of minutes….

16. World Record Holder!
Charles Osborne started hiccupping in 1922 and continued hiccupping until February 1990, a total of 68 year!
The only discomfort from his hiccupping, he claimed, was the constant risk of losing his false teeth!
During the first few decades, he hiccupped up to 40 times a minute, slowing to 20 a minute in later years.

17. How do you cure your hiccups??

18. Cures?

19. Yawns…

20. If you are forced to sit quietly for a while your breathing may become slow and shallow. Shallow breathing seems to trigger falling asleep.

21. A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs
A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, shallow breathing pattern. You don’t fall asleep!

22. Interesting Yawning Facts
The average yawn lasts about six seconds.
Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent during a yawn.
55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn.
Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio tape of people yawning.
Reading about yawning will make you yawn.

23. COUGHS

24. Why it happens?
The surface of the windpipe is very sensitive to touch. Any bits of matter such as food, or dust, or mucus from a runny nose that touch this area cause quite a reaction.
Your lungs release an explosive blast of air, the cough.

25. Remedies
Some act to turn off the cells that produce the mucus in the nasal and sinus passages.
Some turn off the part of the brain that sends the nerve signal to start the cough action and may turn off other parts of the brain. As a side-effect of this, you may feel sleepy and dopey.

26. SNEEZES

27. What is a Sneeze?
a blast of air that cleans
matter, like dust or mucus,
out of the nasal passages.
is triggered by something irritating the surface of the nasal passage.
Air speeds of 167 km/h have been recorded during a sneeze