2. 1

3. 2 Feeding Relationships

4. 3 Energy Flow

5. 4 Chemical Cycles

6. 5 Human Activities

7. 6 Conservation

8. 7 Ecology

9. 8 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000

10. 9 Organisms that convert light energy into chemical energy

11. 10 Producers

12. 11 Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on producers or other consumers, and another that feeds on waste and dead organisms.

13. 12 Consumers and Decomposers

14. 13 Three categories of consumers

15. 14 Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores.

16. 15 Also referred to as a feeding level

17. 16 Trophic level

18. 17 Interconnected and branching food chains

19. 18 Food Web

20. 19 Organic material stored by producers

21. 20 Biomass

22. 21 The rate at which producers build biomass

23. 22 Primary Productivity

24. 23 The % average of available energy at a trophic level

25. 24 10% (“The Rule of 10”) 10% (“The Rule of 10”)

26. 25 Three types of pyramid-diagrams used by ecologists

27. 26 Energy, Biomass, and Numbers.

28. 27 The number of kilocalories available at the T3 level if there is 10,000 kcals at T1

29. 28 100 kcal

30. 29 Energy travels through the ecosystems linearly, nutrients take this type of path.

31. 30 Cyclical

32. 31 In which chemical cycle is oxygen and organic compounds released through photosynthesis

33. 32 Carbon and Oxygen Cycle

34. 33 Bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia through this process

35. 34 Nitrogen Fixation

36. 35 When water exits plants by evaporation

37. 36 Transpiration

38. 37 Soil bacteria convert ammonium to nitrates

39. 38 Nitrification

40. 39 The carbon cycle is affected by burning fossil fuels and

41. 40 Deforestation

42. 41 When the sun’s heat is trapped by CO2 in the atmosphere

43. 42 Greenhouse effect

44. 43 An overall rise in the Earth’s temperature

45. 44 Global Warming

46. 45 High levels of nitrogen in the water cause this condition

47. 46 Eutrophication

48. 47 Along with water vapor these two compounds cause acid rain

49. 48 Sulfur and nitrogen

50. 49 The number of species in an ecosystem

51. 50 Biodiversity

52. 51

53. 52 A non-native species that competes against native species for resources

54. 53 Introduced Species

55. 54 Developing natural resources so that they can renew themselves and be available in the future

56. 55 Sustainable Development

57. 56 A form of Overexploitation caused by economic reasons

58. 57 Poaching

59. 58

60. 59 Name three threats to Biodiversity

61. 60 1. Habitat Destruction 2. Introduced Species 3. Pollution 4. Population Growth 5. Overexploitation (HIPPO)

62. 61 Pollutants become more concentrated from one trophic level to the next

63. 62 Biological Magnification

64. 63 Substances that have a negative effect on the environment cause this

65. 64 Pollution

66. 65 Absorbs ultraviolet light and shields organisms from the suns damaging effects

67. 66 Ozone Layer

68. 67 A major contributor to the destruction of the ozone layer

69. 68 CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons)

70. 69 Through biological magnification this chemical weakens the shells of bird’s eggs

71. 70 DDT

72. 71

73. 72