1. Respiration

2. All organisms need energy

3. Why do we need energy?
To Grow
To Move
To Reproduce
ETC.

4. Respiration provides energy from food

5. The energy carrier of all cells
ATP

6. ATP PRODUCTION

7. Intermediate Electron Carriers: Nads and fads
NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD + H  NADH
FADH2
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAD + 2H  FADH2

8. Oxygen might be needed Or Not! Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
Or Not!

9. Anaerobic Respiration
No oxygen is needed.
Some small organisms do this.
Other cells that do this include human muscle cells during times of low oxygen.
Fermentation often follows.
Glycolysis occurs in all cells.
Provides only a little energy –
2 ATP net gain.

10. GLYCOLYSIS RELEASES NEEDS 2adp + 2p 2 ATP 2 PYRUVATE 1 GLUCOSE 2 NADh

11. Glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm of all cells.
Breaks down glucose incompletely.
Provides the cell with a net gain of only 2 ATP.
Is often followed by fermentation.

12. anAerobic Respiration (Glycolysis) can be followed by Fermentation
Muscle cells – further break down pyruvate into lactic acid – but this doesn’t provide any additional ATP.
Lactic acid is toxic and causes muscle aches. When the physical exertion ends (you collapse), your body will clear itself of the toxins.

13. Yeast carry out Alcoholic Fermentation
After glycolysis, yeast further breaks down pyruvate to CO2 and alcohol.
The CO2 bubbles off (making bread rise and bubbles in drinks).
The alcohol is given off by the yeast as a waste.

14. Aerobic Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O CO H2O + ATP
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP

15. Aerobic Respiration has three major steps
1 
2 
3 
34-36 ATP

16. The Krebs Cycle Needs RELEASES 2 FAD 6 NAD Pyruvate 2ADP + 2P 2 FADH2
6 NADH
CO2
2ATP

17. Electron Transport chain (ETc)
Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondrion

18. The Electron Transport chain
Needs
2 FADH2
10 NADH O2
ADP + P
Releases
FAD
NAD
H2O
Up to 34 ATP

19. Final ATP Tally 36-38 Stage 2 6 10 32-34 -2  NADH FADH2 ATP Yield
Glycolysis 2
Pyruvic acid conversion
Krebs cycle 6
ETC 10
32-34
Loss due to active transport -2
Total ATP 
36-38

20. Respiration provides Energy from food so we can:

21. The end