1. TRADE BARRIERS or Trade Helpers? Landforms & Climate

2. LANDFORMS people want to live near certain landforms such as water and on the plains Plains make it easy to trade- this is relatively flat land. Great for farming and livestock Mountains make it HARD to trade = trade barrier

3. RIVERS/OCEANS Makes trade easier- rivers empty into seas and oceans, ships can get to other countries Provides natural resources- water, fish, seafood (oceans), oil (beneath ocean floor) Provides jobs- fishing, transporting, factories built along rivers, oil rigs on the oceans, tourism along the coastal areas,… Ex. Heavy populations in Germany live along the Rhine River

4. EQUATOR Places on or near same latitude line have similar climate Move Close to equator= high temp Move away from equator= cooler temp

5. Climate Rough seasons- trade barrier Ice, blizzards, continuous rain, flooding, hurricanes Good season- trade easier Smooth winds, mild/fair temperatures, cool winters and summers U.K. has the maritime climate and often experiences heavy rains & winds Italy has a mild, Mediterranean climate year round

6. Winds may travel over water and affect climate Ex. The Gulf Stream starts in the Gulf of Mexico & carries warm winds over Atlantic Ocean to NW Europe Mountains can PROTECT areas from cold winds Ex. The Alps Mtns. (north of Italy) block the cold, northern winds from southern Europe = mild climate yearlong