2. Biogeography The study of where organisms live. Bio- Life Geo- Earth Graph- Description

3. Dispersal oDispersal - The movement of organisms from one place to another o3 main means of dispersal. –Wind: Seeds Spores tiny spiders small light organisms

4. Dispersal –Water: Floating objects Coconuts Leaves Insects –Other Living Things Birds: seeds Ducks: algae and fish eggs Dogs and Cats: organisms in their fur Humans: (all sorts of things!!) (Think about customs at the airport.)

5. Dispersal Native Species: –a species that has naturally evolved in an area.

6. Dispersal Exotic Species: –a species carried to a new location. –Consume food sources that native species would eat, leaving insufficient food. –Occupy safe or supportive habitat, leaving a reduced amount of habitat for natives. –Serve as food for native species but lack certain essential nutrients, leading to death of native offspring. –Consume eggs, young, and adults of native species

7. Dispersal There are limits to organisms reaching other parts of the world. –Physical barriers: Water Mountains Deserts –Competition: Organisms competing for resources with existing species. –Climate: Organisms unable to survive and thrive due to the temperature or amount of water.

8. Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic factors are all the living things or their materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment. Abiotic factors are those non- living physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive.

9. Abiotic Factors Some Abiotic Factors olight intensity otemperature range otype of soil or rock opH level (acidity or alkalinity) owater availability odissolved gases olevel of pollutant

10. Biotic Factors oParasitism oPredation oMutualism oCommensalism oCompetition

11. Parasitism The association in the parasite host relationship is one in which one organism benefits from the relationship and the other is disadvantaged. The parasite feeds upon the tissues or organism Mistletoe growing on a tree. And Fleas on a dog.

12. Mutualism Mutualism refers to the relationship of two organisms where both benefit from the association. This lichen growing on the trunk of a tree.

13. Commensalism This is where one species has an advantage and the other is not harmed. A bird building its nest in a tree.

14. Predation oThis may be a producer/consumer relationship. oOr a predator/prey relationship oOr a scavenger relationship.

15. Succession oSuccession: the series of changes that occur in a community. o2 types of succession!

16. Primary Succession oThe change in a community that no ecosystem previously existed. oExample: New Island oPioneer species: –The first species to populate an area. (moss)

17. Secondary Succession oThe disturbance of an existing ecosystem. oExample: –Fire –Tornado –Farming –Mining