1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Thoughts on Scientific & Engineer Methods Dr. Robert F. Hodson Deputy Chief Engineer NASA Langley Research Center

2. 6/3/2015 The Scientific & Engineering Methods Science  Question  Research  Hypothesis  Test your hypothesis through experimentation  Analyze data and draw a conclusion REPEAT Engineering  Identify problem  Research  Develop solutions  Select best possible solution  Test and verify  Redesign if necessary TrialResult 1  Hypothesis False 2 … n n+1  Hypothesis True… Success!

3. 6/3/2015 Yes, effective but only part of the process Challenge Intuition Observation Wonder Curiosity Creativity Passion Imagination Inspiration Scientific and Engineering Methods Discovery Purpose Direction Knowledge Fulfillment Communication Collaboration

4. 6/3/2015 A few driving real world examples Observation Imagination Passion Wonder Curiosity

5. 6/3/2015 NASA Challenge: Radiation Radiation from the sun and galactic cosmic rays can increase cancer risk in astronauts and upset or damage electronics and other systems.

6. 6/3/2015 Challenge: Gravity (or lack of) Micro-gravity can cause bone loss (~1%/month) and impacts muscle strength, cardiac function, balance, vision, blood volume etc.

7. 6/3/2015 Challenge: Propulsion 45,000 kg Payload to Trans Lunar Injection TLI Payload to rocket mass = 1.6% 5809 kg payload return to Earth Return mass to rocket mass = 0.2% 2.8 million kg Overcoming Earth’s gravity is not trivial. We take long trips and there are no gas stations along the way. We need better gas mileage. Overcoming Earth’s gravity is not trivial. We take long trips and there are no gas stations along the way. We need better gas mileage.

8. 6/3/2015 Challenge: Power Power generation and storage are needed for life support systems, electric propulsion, processing, and communication. Orion with solar arrays deployed Electric propulsion

9. 6/3/2015 Challenges: Logistics, Supply Perishables perish, parts wear out, comm to Earth is delayed. Even sea travelers can fish and get water from rain.

10. 6/3/2015 We need to “Open the Trade Space” Where many engineers feel comfortable… Thinking inside the Box Clearly this picture was not done by an engineer

11. 6/3/2015 Solutions start with the Creative Process

12. 6/3/2015 Innovative Solutions Mars Tumbleweed Concept

13. 6/3/2015 Innovative Solutions R5 disaster response robot R2 – currently on ISS 13 Exoskeleton for health monitoring and assist

14. 6/3/2015 Innovative Solutions

15. 6/3/2015 Challenging Solutions = STEM + Arts