1. Chapter 12 Genetics Review

2. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it occurs more frequently in _______.
Males

3. What is a diagram that shows how a characteristic is passed through a family?
Pedigree

4. On a separate sheet of paper
Draw a pedigree that represents Julie married to Jeff, with one daughter, Josephine. Josephine married Joseph and had Jason and Joe. Joe married Julia and had Shannon and fraternal twin boys, Mark and Alex. Mark married Alison and had Ray and Scarlet. Please label the pedigree with the names of the people.
The individuals in red are affected with an autosomal recessive disorder. Please indicate the genotypes of each person in this pedigree

5. What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
Sex chromosomes

6. Helpful Harmful Neutral
The effects of a mutation can be __________, _____________,or _________
Helpful
Harmful
Neutral

7. Mutations are most commonly
Neutral

8. What are mutations?
Changes in DNA

9. What is an individual that doesn’t express a given trait but can pass it to it’s offspring?
carrier

10. Show your work for this cross
Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait . In a family the father is color blind and the mother is a carrier.
Show your work for this cross XB Xb Y
XBXb
XBY
XbXb
XbY

11. XrY What is the genotype for the father?
Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait . In a family the father is color blind and the mother is a carrier.
What is the genotype for the father?
XrY

12. Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait
Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait . In a family the father is color blind and the mother is a carrier.
Out of 4 children, how many girls would be expected to be color blind? 1

13. Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait
Red green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait . In a family the father is color blind and the mother is a carrier.
Out of 4 children, how many boys would be expected to be color blind? 1

14. What gender determines the sex of an offspring?
Male

15. What is the gender of this karyotype?
Male

16. What genetic condition does this person have?
Down Syndrome

17. What is the gender of this karyotype?
Male

18. Is this karyotype considered “normal”?

19. How many blood types are there?AB O

20. What is true about the size of the Y chromosome compared to the X?
It is shorter than the X

21. What is it called when an organism receives too many or too few chromosomes?
nondisjunction

22. When a fragment of DNA is detached from a chromosome and then reattaches in the reverse orientation it is considered as an_____________.
inversion

23. Sex-linked genes refer to what chromosome?

24. How many chromosomes does a person with Down Syndrome have?47

25. A male can produce sperm that is either ___ or ___.
X Y

26. A mutation caused when a part of a chromosomes breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome
translocation

27. If both parents carry the recessive allele what is the chance that their child will inherit the genetic autosomal condition?
25%

28. Which Punnett Square is worked out correctly?XB
XBXB Y
XBYB
XBY Xb
XbY

29. What is it called when an organism receives too many or too few chromosomes?
nondisjunction

31. Which Punnett Square is worked out correctly?X XX XY Y

32. _____________is a mutation where an organism has an extra chromosome.
Trisomy

33. Based on the pedigree shown, what is the genotype of person II-7?Bb

34. Based on the pedigree shown, how many
Daughters do the original parents have? 1

35. Sample pedigree - cystic fibrosis
1. What can we say about I-1 and I-2?
2. What is the inheritance?
3. What are the odds that III-5 is a carrier?
4. What is the relationship between I-1and III-4?
5. Which individuals are affected with cystic fibrosis?

36. Sample pedigree - cystic fibrosis
1. What can we say about I-1 and I-2?
2. What is the inheritance?
3. What are the odds that III-5 is a carrier?
4. What is the relationship between I-1and III-4?
5. Which individuals are affected with cystic fibrosis?

37. Which parent determines the gender of
the child?
Father

38. Why are there more male children with hemophilia than female children with hemophilia?
Hemophilia is linked to the x chromosome, so males need only 1 recessive gene to get hemophilia while females need both recessive genes

39. What blood type is considered to be the
universal donor? Explain why!
Type O because this type does not have any immune antigens on its red blood cells, can be given to anybody