1. BELLWORK 1. What is heresy? 2. What did English, French, and Roman monarchies have in common? Read “Church Reform” on page 153 and answer the following questions: Read “Church Reform” on page 153 and answer the following questions: 3. How did church authorities abuse their power? 4. Who was John Wycliffe and what did he believe? 5. What happened to the Czech preacher, Jan Hus? Why did this happen?

2. The Crusades The Crusades: Series of nine military battles where European Christians tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Crusades: Series of nine military battles where European Christians tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. 1096-1254 1096-1254

3. The First Crusade 1096-1099 1096-1099 Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

4. The Second Crusade 1147-1149 1147-1149 In response to the fall of the County of Edessa (one of the first crusader states established during First Crusade) In response to the fall of the County of Edessa (one of the first crusader states established during First Crusade)

5. The Third Crusade 1189-1192 1189-1192 In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims. In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims. Although the Christians did not recapture Jerusalem, Richard I, was able to capture Acre, which became the Templars’ headquarters for the next century. Although the Christians did not recapture Jerusalem, Richard I, was able to capture Acre, which became the Templars’ headquarters for the next century.

6. The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453: Kings of France and England fought over control of French territory and the French throne. 1337-1453: Kings of France and England fought over control of French territory and the French throne. England won the early battles because of their military superiority. England won the early battles because of their military superiority.

9. Joan of Arc Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,” she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans. Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,” she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans. Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death. Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death. Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out. Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out. England no longer held any French territory. England no longer held any French territory.

15. Effects of Hundred Years’ War National unity in both France and England National unity in both France and England Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism New technology of fighting New technology of fighting Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies Increased taxes to rebuild their countries Increased taxes to rebuild their countries

16. European Revival The Crusades advanced Western Europe. Towns grew, trade expanded, and the arts thrived. The Crusades advanced Western Europe. Towns grew, trade expanded, and the arts thrived. For this reading assignment, there are eight groups. For this reading assignment, there are eight groups. Each group is dedicated to a specific portion of society that improved after the Crusades. Each group is dedicated to a specific portion of society that improved after the Crusades. 1. Read to yourself silently 2. Discuss the most important concept with the rest of your group 3. Tell the class about it 4. The rest of the class will write down the most important fact/term/idea from your reading

17. European Revival 1. Agricultural Advances & Growth of Towns: pg. 147 2. The Middle Class: pg.147 3. Trade and Money: pg. 147 4. Guilds: pg. 148 5. Universities: pg. 148 6. New Learning: pg. 149 7. Medieval Literature: pg. 149 8. Medieval Art: pg. 149

18. CLOSURE On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following questions: On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following questions: In your OWN words, summarize the crusades. (Be sure to include the battles, who was on what side, etc.) In your OWN words, summarize the crusades. (Be sure to include the battles, who was on what side, etc.) Who was Joan of Arc? What was she fighting for? What happened to her? Who was Joan of Arc? What was she fighting for? What happened to her? In a paragraph (5 sentences) describe the 100 Years’ War. (Be sure to include the sides, the purpose, the outcome) In a paragraph (5 sentences) describe the 100 Years’ War. (Be sure to include the sides, the purpose, the outcome) In your own opinion, why do you think people fight for religion? Explain. In your own opinion, why do you think people fight for religion? Explain.