1. ROCKS AND MINERALS

2. GEOLOGY  Science of our plant Earth MAGMA  Earth's molten liquid rock  Cools and starts to crystallize  Forms solid minerals  Two or more minerals = rock

3. MINERALS Basic building block of rocks 2000 types of minerals  Only 20 are common 95% of all rocks in existence Salt, graphite and gemstones are examples

4. HOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALS Tests to Identify and Classify  Streak test – true color of specimen  Luster test – shine or reflection  Hardness – scratch resistent or abrasive  Cleavage – how the mineral breaks  Crystalline structure – most important clue

5. MINERALS

6. ROCK CYCLE

7. TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

8. IGNEOUS ROCKS Means fire-formed Magma below crust is liquid rock Lava when it reaches the surface

9. IGNEOUS ROCKS Extrusive Igneous Rock  Rock formed after lava on surface cools and solidifies

10. IGNEOUS ROCKS Inclusive Igneous Rock  Rock formed when magma below the crust cools and solidifies  Granite 75% of Earth's crust Yosemite National Park

11. WEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICS Plate tectonics uplift and re-arrange land Weathering and Erosion  Expose Inclusive Igneous rocks  Exposed rocks are broken down and transported

12. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Broken and transported rock fragments  Called sediment Settle at low points Sediment is compacted and cemented  Lithification Form Sedimentary rocks

13. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Small percentage of crust 70% of exposed rock Help geologists learn about Earth's past

14. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Contain fossils  Preserved remains of plants and animals that lived long ago  Mostly hard parts (shells, bones and teeth) of organisms  Help determine past life and environments

15. FOSSILS

16. METAMORPHIC ROCKS Means to change form Created when igneous or sedimentary rocks transform

17. METAMORPHIC ROCKS Changes are caused by heat and pressure Excessive heat and pressure can cause rocks to melt  When re-solidified a new igneous rock is formed

18. ROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Stone Age  Tools, shelter and weapons Wars to gain other countries resources Industrial Revolution  Begin use of fossil fuels for energy

19. WORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALS Construction Industry  Limestone and gypsum = cement Lapidarist  Cut, polish and perfect crystals for jewelry Paleontologist  Uncover, examine and identify fossils

20. EARTH'S RESOURCES Fossil fuels  Oil, gas, coal  Non-renewable resource Alternative renewable energy resources  Recycling

21. ROCKS AND MINERALS

22. QUIZ QUESTION #1 What is the general name for the material that forms a unique crystal shape?

23. QUIZ QUESTION #2 A combination of different minerals form what object?

24. QUIZ QUESTION #3 Within the Earth, what happens to the rock when it is exposed to very high temperatures?

25. QUIZ QUESTION #4 What type of rock is made up of slowly buried sediments that were later cemented together by dissolved minerals?

26. QUIZ QUESTION #5 How is a metamorphic rock formed?

27. QUIZ QUESTION #6 How do people use rocks in their everyday lives?

28. QUIZ QUESTION #7 Why is recycling important?

29. QUIZ QUESTION #8 True or False Salt is a mineral.

30. QUIZ QUESTION #9 True or False Fossils provide important evidence of how life existed in the past and reveal clues about their environment.

31. QUIZ QUESTION #10 True or False Igneous rock means “water-formed”.