1. Stable Octets Why are the Noble Gases unreactive?

2. The Noble Gases Elements in Group 8 This means they have 8 valence electrons (He has 2) There outermost electron shells are full. (He is still full) This is called a stable octet Full outershells = NO REACTION!

3. Stable Octets All other elements want to achieve stable octets. They want to BE like a Noble Gas. The Noble Gases are happy all by themselves, and the other elements want to be like this To do this the elements must either GIVE electrons or TAKE electrons.

4. Charged Ions If an element GIVES away electrons, it will become positively charged. Why? If an element TAKES electrons, it will become negatively charged. Why?

5. The Pool Analogy Your job is to clean pools. You must either completely fill or completely empty each pool. You have the choice. The pool will already have a level of water in it. Level 0 to 8. The pool is divided into 8 sections. To get the most pools empty or full, what are you going to do? 876543210876543210

6. Level 5 up: Fill the pool= GAIN Level 4 down: Empty the pool = GIVE 876543210876543210

7. Who Gives and Who Takes? Elements with 4 or less valence electrons will GIVE their electrons away. Elements with 5 or more valence electrons will TAKE electrons. Question: If I am Calcium and I give away 2 electrons, will I have more electrons or more protons? What does this mean? 876543210876543210

8. Cations and Anions An ion is an atom that has a charge. To GIVE away electrons= positive charge – CATION To TAKE electrons= negative charge – ANION

10. LABORATORY SAFETY Safety in the Lab is very important. Strict rules must be followed at all times.

13. WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

14. WHMIS A: Compressed Gas B: Combustible Material C: Oxidizing Material D1: Seriously Toxic D2: Other Toxic D3: Biohazardous E: Corrosive Material F: Reactive Material

15. Classes DefinitionExamples A Compressed gasesProducts held under pressureOxygen Propane B Flammable and combustible materials B1 Flammable gases B2 Flammable liquids B3 Combustible liquids B4 Flammable solids B5 Flammable aerosols B6 Reactive flammable materials Products that will burn or catch on fire easilyPropane Acetone Kerosene Magnesium Sodium C Oxidizing materialsProducts that can cause or promote combustion of another material (whether or not they are themselves combustible) or products that are organic peroxides Hydrogen peroxide Nitric acid D1 Materials causing immediate and serious toxic effects Products that can rapidly cause harmful health effects, including deathCarbon monoxide Phenol D2 Materials causing other toxic effects Products whose health effects generally appear over time following one or several exposures Benzene Diisocyanates Lead D3 Biohazardous infectious materials Living organisms or their toxins that can cause disease in people or animals AIDS virus Hepatitis B virus Rabies virus E Corrosive materialsProducts that can corrode metal surfaces or cause burns to skinCaustic soda Hydrochloric acid Bleach F Dangerously reactive materials Products that can be health or safety hazards under certain conditons (pressure, temperature, impact, violent reaction with water or air) Fluorine Hydrogen cyanide B-Chloroprene

16. Safety Assignment Due This Friday- Feb 27!! You will create a scenario in which there is a question of safety in the lab. You will ask the reader a question about the story created, and you will answer it using the proper safety rules discussed. Can be a written story, comic strip, cartoon etc. BE IMAGINATIVE!