1. BELL WORK 12/1 On the sheet you just picked up, define the word Loyal in your own words and describe a situation either from your own experience of from a news report in which someone’s loyalty was very important. What would we do if the government broke down? (Also be sure you have picked up the semester overview)

2. Devolution – Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state. What causes devolutionary movements? Ethnic or cultural differences Religious differences Linguistic diversity Economic disparity Movement or circulation Physical geographical differences

3. MIDDLE AGES TIME BETWEEN THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE & THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT 500-1500 C.E

4. CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT) united Europe 771 CE -created greatest empire since Ancient Rome -Frank (German) King, 6 ’ 4 -Spread Christianity -Pope crowned him Emperor which revived the idea of united Christian Empire. Created Holy Roman Empire 1 st Reich Died in 814

5. Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A system of PROTECTION in the Middle Ages. Vassal- An agreement between lords & knights that stated that they would protect the land. Knights were called their lords “vassals”. Fief- a section of land given to a lord or knight for their service Key words Essential to Feudalism

6. HOW DID FEUDALISM ESTABLISH ORDER IN EUROPE? PEOPLE WERE BOUND TO ONE ANOTHER BY PROMISES OF LOYALTY AND RESPONSIBILITY (1000 C.E.) WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR BROUGHT FEUDALISM TO ENGLAND IN 1066 MONARCH- RULER OF ALL LANDS LORD - NOBLES BY BIRTH KNIGHT- ARMORED SOLDIERS PEASANTS - POOR FARMERS PAID RENT TO A LORD SERFS- UNFREE PEASANTS THAT WERE “TIED” TO LAND, COULDN’T LEAVE. NO CHOICE BUT TO WORK LAND

7. FEUDAL HIERARCHY Identify each group in the hierarchy

8. WHAT WAS A MANOR AND WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT? THE MANOR WAS THE HEART OF FEUDALISM MANORS WERE SELF-SUFFICIENT : THEY GREW AND BUILT EVERYTHING THAT THEY NEEDED THEMSELVES ALL PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON THE MANOR HAD A ROLE WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES.

9. 2.4 MONARCHS DURING FEUDAL TIMES MANY MONARCHS RELIED ON THEIR LORDS (VASSALS) TO PROVIDE KNIGHTS AND SOLDIERS AND MAINTAIN CONTROL OF KINGDOM MOSTLY SYMBOLIC RULERS WITH LITTLE REAL POWER, BUT BELIEVED GOD GAVE THEM POWER TO RULE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS

10. 2.5 LORDS AND LADIES NOBLES; MOST LIVED ON MANORS IN MANOR HOUSES OR CASTLES PROVIDED PROTECTION AND WERE STATUS SYMBOLS LORDS: MANAGE AND PROTECT FIEF, SERVED AS JUDGES LADIES: CARED FOR CHILDREN AND OVERSAW HOUSEHOLDS

11. 2.6 KNIGHTS, NOT NIGHTS VASSALS OF MORE POWERFUL LORDS EXCHANGED PROTECTION FOR LAND or Feifs LOYAL TO CHURCH AND LORD PAGE--> SQUIRE--> KNIGHT CODE OF CHIVALRY SET OF RULES OF BEHAVIOR, RESPECT, AND HONOR

12. 2.7 PEASANTS FREE PEASANTS RENTED LAND TO FARM AND OWED ONLY THEIR RENT TO THE LORD. UNFREE PEASANTS “SERFS” FARMED THE LORDS FIELDS AND COULD NOT LEAVE THE LAND RECEIVED A SMALL PLOT OF LAND TO FARM FOR THEIR OWN LORDS COULD DEMAND TALLAGE, MERCHET, AND “HEAD MONEY”

13. CONSTANTINOPLE

15. BYZANTIUM