2. Counsciousness REM sleep Circadian rhythm Insomnia Sleep apnea Narcolepsy Nightmares Night terrors Sleepwalking

3. In 1959, New York DJ Peter trip stayed awake for 200 hours to raise money for charity 50 hours- mild hallucinations 100 hours- delirious (a doctor’s jacket was a tangle of furry worms 150- disoriented and paranoid 200- completely delusional (thought a doctor was an undertaker

4. Early stages Stage 1 (10 minutes) pulse slows, breathing becomes uneven, theta waves Stage 2 (30 minutes) Eyes role side to side Stage 3 (10 minutes) Delta waves, last step before REM Late Stage Stage 4 Difficult to wake someone up here Can be groggy, disoriented Delta waves occur almost 50% of the time Talking in your sleep, sleepwalking REM Similar brain patterns to being awake “active sleep” This is where dreaming takes place

5. Insomnia Inability to sleep (typically mental anxiety) Sleep Apnea Frequent interruptions of breathing Sleeper is actually choking Physical causes (enlarged tonsils, obesity, repeated infections in throat) Sleepwalking / Talking It is NOT dangerous to wake sleep walkers / talkers Can engage them in conversation Usually harmless Narcolepsy Sudden and overwhelming feeling of sleepiness “Sleep attacks” Brief periods of REM during attacks Nightmares / Terrors Frightening dreams, usually awaken with memory Terrors- screaming, sweating, rapid heart rate, awake disoriented and usually without memory of the dream

6. People who are fully aware with their attention focused on something are conscious of that “something.” A person who is not completely aware is in a different level of consciousness–an altered state of consciousness. Sleep is considered an altered state of consciousness

7. Sleep is characterized by unresponsiveness to the environment and limited physical mobility. Some people believe that sleep is restorative; it allows people to “charge up their batteries.” Other people believe it is a type of primitive hibernation: we sleep to conserve energy. Still other researchers believe we sleep to clear our minds of useless information.

8. What are dreams? Memories, fears, random electrical bursts in the brain? Dream Interpretation Dating back 7,000 years Freud Fear to acknowledge Inuit Reflections of past and future Social Scientists Review and address a problem from the day

9. Daydreaming requires a low level of awareness and involves fantasizing or dreaming while we are awake Situations that require little attention or when we are bored. Daydreaming serves useful purposes such as reminding us of or preparing us for important things in our future. Some psychologists believe daydreaming allows us to control our emotions.