1. Constitution Study Notes/Review

2. “Government” according to the Declaration Government’s Purpose: To secure rights Government’s Power: Obtained by the people Government’s Actions: If government acts like a tyrant, people have right to abolish and create a new one

3. Self-evident Truths We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

4. Revolutionary War The Revolutionary War was fought against Great Britain

5. Father of the Declaration The father of the Declaration of Independence is Thomas Jefferson Declaration’s Purpose is to declare war & independence

6. Father of the Constitution The father of the Constitution is James Madison

7. Original Colonies There were 13 original colonies

8. First U.S. President The first President of the United States was George Washington 1789- George Washington becomes President

9. Articles of Confederation The Continental Congress wrote the first Constitution called the Articles of Confederation

10. Preamble A preamble is an introductory and explanatory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. The Preamble of the U.S. Constitution lists reasons for writing the Constitution. It has 6 goals.

11. Preamble Goals Form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic Tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general Welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity

12. Congress The HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES can be found in Article I, Section II The SENATE can be found in Article I, Section III A 2/3 vote is required for Congress to override a law the President has vetoed.

13. Legislative Branch Major Duty = Makes Laws 2 Houses = Congress Congress = House + Senate HouseSenate + = Congress (Major Body)

14. Senate The Senate has 100 members (There are 2 Senators from every state & 50 states!) A Senator serves a 6 year term A Senator must be 30 years of age, a resident of the state, a citizen for 9 years A Senator may serve as many as elected terms 1/3 of the Senators are elected every two years (2+2+2=6) 1/3+1/3+1/3=100 Senators The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice- President

15. Senators per State Each state has 2 Senators Are Senators from the House or Senate? Who are Illinois Senators? How many Senators does California have?

16. House of Representatives The House has 435 members (Add #’s from the Electoral College) A Representative serves a 2 year term Must be 25 years of age, a resident of the district, a citizen for 7 years A Representative may serve as many as elected terms Each state must have at least 1 Rep. The House starts impeachment proceedings and the official is tried by the Senate

17. Representatives per State Each state has a certain number of Representatives per state based on that state’s population Are Representatives from the House or Senate? If Illinois has 21 electoral votes, how many representatives does IL have? How many representatives does California (55) have?

18. Legislative Branch House favors more populated states Senate favors less populated states ***In the Articles of Confederation large and small states had equal power, so when the Constitution was created they wanted small and large states to be represented individually by both houses***

19. Legislative Branch Every 2 years we have a new Congress The present number of Congress is __113_____ The Elastic Clause has been used by Congress in writing laws about things not directly mentioned in the Constitution

20. Legislative Branch In which house of Congress do Revenue bills start??? Revenue Bills start in the HOUSE!

21. Legislative Branch Congress’ power can be roughly divided into three groups. MONEY DEFENSE MISCELLANEOUS

22. Government Powers Elastic Clause This means Congress has the power to make all laws necessary to carry out the spirit of the Constitution These powers are called “implied,” they are not written in the constitution Example: The power to regulate TV stations or aviation (didn’t exist when the constitution was written!)

23. Speaker of the House The House has Speaker for chief officer John Boehner

24. Executive Branch The Executive Branch includes The President, Vice President and The Cabinet.

25. Ok, so now your President… You are now working for the Executive Branch of gov’t. The major duty of the Executive Branch is to enforce laws. (I always knew you were bossy) Article II (L1E2J3)

26. 5 Duties of President Legislation Appointment Judicial Functions Domestic and Military Administration Foreign Affairs Fuzzy Dogs Like Apple Juice

27. President/Vice President Criteria 35 Years Old Resident for 14 yrs, in U.S. Natural born citizen President limited to 2 terms Each term is 4 years

28. President/Vice President Criteria The President is limited to 2 terms, but it “Does Not Say” in the Constitution how many terms for the Vice President. Each term is 4 years This information can be found in Article II (L1E2J3)

29. Cabinet Members/Departments The Cabinet members are your “peeps” to help you accomplish all of your goals… You have 15 Cabinet members to help you run the 15 departments in the Executive Branch. This is like how the school departments (Sci, SS, Math, LA, etc.) help the Principal & Asst. Principals run the school!

30. President of the United States Barack Obama

31. Vice-President of the United States Joe Biden

32. Ok, it was fun being President… But now you die, who will take your place? And in what order? 1. Vice-President 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro-Tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State

33. What is the Electoral College? The Electoral College consists elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Rather than directly voting for the President and Vice President, United States citizens vote for electors.

34. Electoral College by State Each State has a certain number of electoral votes Electoral votes for each state are determined by the number of Representatives + the number of senators

35. Total Electoral Votes 435+100+3=_____ There are 538 Electoral Votes Why? 435= Representatives (population) 100= Senators (2 per state) 3=? Which Amendment allows 3 votes?

36. Running for President? Overall, a state’s population determines how many electoral votes a state receives. Whichever presidential candidate gets the most popular votes in a state, wins all of the electoral votes of that state. If no one receives an absolute majority of electoral votes for president, the House of Representatives will cast the deciding vote. How many votes do you need to win?

37. You need… 538 Electoral votes 270 to win! (If you are running against another candidate) 538 divided by 2 is 269) 270 will win the election!

38. Cabinet Departments Your “peeps” do a lot of work for you so they have many departments! Choose 5 to remember… State, Defense, Interior, Agriculture, Labor Commerce, Treasury, Health and Human Services, Education, Housing and Urban Development,Transportation, Energy, Veteran’s Affairs, Homeland Security, Justice

39. Judicial Branch The judicial branch is found in what article of the Constitution? ARTICLE 3 What is the major duty of the judicial branch INTERPRET LAWS What is the age, residency, and citizenship requirements for federal judges ? DOES NOT SAY!

40. Judicial Branch The PRESIDENT appoints a Supreme Court Justice and the SENATE approves the appointment There are 9 Supreme Court Judges Supreme Court judges may be IMPEACHED for bad behavior The three Federal Courts are SUPREME, APPEALS, and DISTRICT

41. Constitutional Amendments Changes made to the original Constitution

42. 13 th Amendment Abolished slavery

43. 1 st Amendment Guarantees freedom of assembly and petition

44. 3 rd Amendment Limits the quartering of soldiers

45. 6 th Amendment Gives the accused the right to be represented by a lawyer

46. 2 nd Amendment Provides for the right to bear arms

47. 22 nd Amendment This amendment changed the number of times a President can be elected

48. 25 th Amendment This amendment states the order of succession of the President should he die

49. 4 th Amendment People are protected against unreasonable searches

50. 5 th Amendment Provides for your right to “not testify against yourself”

51. 8 th Amendment People argue about the Constitutionality of Capital Punishment because of this amendment’s clause concerning “cruel and unusual punishment”.

52. 14 th Amendment Guarantees citizenship, due process and equal protection under the law

53. 15 th Amendment Guarantees former slaves voting rights

54. 16 th Amendment Gives the federal government power to collect income tax

55. 18 th Amendment Made alcohol illegal to sell and transport

56. 7 th Amendment Trial by jury cases

57. 9 th Amendment This amendment states that the basic rights of the people cannot be denied, even those not named in the Constitution

58. 10 th Amendment Power of states and people

59. 18 th Amendment The only amendment to be repealed was the 18 th amendment (Prohibition).

60. Bill of Rights The part of the Constitution that gives the most protection to the individual citizens

61. Bill of Rights The first ten amendments of the Constitution The Bill of Rights was added in 1791, 3 years after the Constitution was ratified

62. The 23 rd Amendment… Voting in the District of Columbia (1961) Prior to the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D.C. were unable to vote for President or Vice President as the District is not a U.S. state.

63. 23 rd Amendment Gave people in the District of Columbia the right to vote for President “DC 23”

64. 19 th Amendment Gave women the right to vote

65. 26 th Amendment Gave 18 year olds the right to vote

66. 12 th Amendment If no candidate receives an absolute majority of electoral votes for President the House of Rep. will cast the deciding vote.

67. Governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner

68. Illinois State Senator Mark Kirk (Republican)

69. Illinois State Senator Dick Durbin (Democrat)

70. Government Powers Enumerated Powers Enumerated /expressed powers are specifically listed (expressed, written) in the Constitution. Example: The power to declare war

71. Government Powers The powers given to the Federal Government are called: Delegated

72. Government Powers The powers given to the State Government are called: Reserved powers/State powers Ex: Establish schools Provide for state militia Regulate labor, industry, and business within the state Reserved

73. Federalists Believed in a strong federal government

74. Anti-Federalists Preferred to protect the rights and the powers of the individual states

75. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

76. 2/3 The vote that is required for Congress to override a law that the President has vetoed.

77. Additional Facts The Constitution has a Preamble 7 Original Articles And 27 Amendments Enumerated powers are the powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

78. Branches of Government L = Legislative Makes Laws = Article 1 E = Executive Enforces Laws = Article 2 J = Judicial Interprets Laws = Article 3

79. Constitution Constitution- becomes the law of the land and went into effect in 1788

80. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights went into effect in 1791 The part of the Constitution that gives the most protection to the individual citizens

81. Amending the Constitution Article 5 of the Constitution tells how to amend the Constitution

82. Good Luck! Questions about… Content? The Test Format? Test Date? Memorization Strategies? ???