1. BIOMEDICAL REPAIR https://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_t he_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_clim b_and_dance?language=en

2. Prosthetics Prosthesis An artificial extension that replaces a missing body part

3. Typically used to replace a missing body part or enhance a defective body part –Lost by injury (trauma) –Missing from birth (congenital)

4. Common uses: artificial heart valves

6. Artificial hearts and lungs

10. Artificial eyes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtrrMn4EUKU

11. dentures

14. Prosthetic enhancement 2008, Oscar Pistorius was disqulified as an olympic runner due to the “unfair mechanical advantage” of his prosthesis

15. Mechanical parts could soon surpass human equivalents in their efficiency…

16. Part of biomechatronics: the science of using mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect

17. Biosensors detect what the user wants and relay that information through the user’s nervous/skeletal system to a controller The controller located inside the device will than control the device, sensing the limb’s position and force

18. Amanda Kitts is learning to use her new limb…

19. Claudia Mitchell, former Marine and amputee, has tested a prosthetic arm developed by Dr. Todd Kuiken at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago re-directed the nerves that control her missing arm to her chest. The nerves re-grew close to the skin of her chest. Tiny electrodes on her skin pick up the electrical activity of these nerves and send signals to the motors in the arm. She is able to control the arm's movements by thinking about it

20. Greg Gadson lost both his legs in a roadside bomb in Iraq and is now “meshing my 43-year-old body with a machine” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDsNZJTWw0w

21. Can be used to enhance our own function, ex. carry a large/heavy load It is estimated that within 20 years artificial limbs could have skin that senses temperature and touch… http://www.scientificamerican.com/arti cle/world-cup-to-debut-mind- controlled-robotic- suit/?&WT.mc_id=SA_HLTH_201406 10http://www.scientificamerican.com/arti cle/world-cup-to-debut-mind- controlled-robotic- suit/?&WT.mc_id=SA_HLTH_201406 10

22. Artificial organs Man-made device that is implanted into a human to replace a natural organ to restore a specific function

23. An extremely expensive process, used for: 1.Life support to prevent imminent death while awaiting a transplant (e.g. artificial heart) 2.Dramatic improvement of the patient's ability for self-care (e.g. artificial limb) 3.Improvement of the patient's ability to interact socially (e.g. cochlear implant) 4. Cosmetic restoration after cancer surgery or accident

24. Types of artificial organs Brain pacemaker –Sends electrical impulses to brain to relieve depression, epilepsy, tremors

26. Artificial valves –Especially at ends of stomach, to help with function of sphincters –Used for esophageal cancer, reflux disease

27. Artificial pacemaker –Electronic device that helps to keep the heart contractions regular

29. Artificial ear –Cochlear implants to help with hearing or cosmetic repair

31. Cosmetic Surgery Has been around since ancient times: –Ancient Romans used to repair damaged ears One of the most common is skin grafts

32. Can be reconstructive: to correct functional impairments caused by injuries (ex. burns, car accidents, cancer, etc.)

33. Or can be cosmetic, to cause “enhancement” of appearance –12 000 000 were performed in US in 2007 –Most common: tummy tuck, eyelid tuck,

34. …mammoplasty (breast reduction/augmentation)

35. Buttock augmentation, chemical peels, rhinoplasty, etc. etc.

36. Nose job: $4,000 to $7,000Nose job Facelift: $7,000 to $10,000Facelift Breast implants: $5,000 to $8,000Breast implants Liposuction: $2,000 to $10,000, depending on how many areas fat is removed from and what technique the surgeon uses to remove itLiposuction Tummy tuck: $6,000 to $8,000Tummy tuck Vein treatment: $500 to $2,000 per treatment, depending on the technique usedVein treatment Dermabrasion: $2,000 to $4,000Dermabrasion