1. Cyborg-Cybernetic Organism Prashant Patel CS-575

2. Overview: History Steve Mann E-Y-E-T-A-P Kevin Warwick Cyborg 1.0 Cyborg 2.0

3. What is Cyborg? A cyborg is a cybernetic organism. The term cyborg is defined as an organism that is a self-regulating integration of artificial and natural systems. A human cyborg is a human who has certain physiological processes aided or controlled by mechanical or electronic devices

4. History: The idea of a man-machine mixture was popular in science fiction before World War II In 1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline had combined the words cybernetics and organism to form a new term: cyborg

5. Steve Mann: Steve Mann is a tenured professor a the department of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Toronto. Many newspaper have described him as “the World’s first Cyborg”.from his early work with wireless wearlable webcams.

6. E-Y-E-T-A-P Electric eyeglasses Traditional eyeglasses modify what we see optically, so the refraction of the glass is what limits us in terms of the amount of processing that we can do to correct our vision. EYETAP can do more kinds of processing

7. Cont…: One of its function is a wearable face recognizer to help people with Alzheimer's recognize and remember and see things, or people with visual memory disability find their way around. Goal of this project is to help people see better and remember things better.

8. Cont..: With eyetap you can see the individual person but you might also see other information. a sort of biographical data. Ex.: you can associate a name with a face, so that it can help to not forget faces.

9. Kevin Warwick: Kevin Warwick is Professor of Cybernetics at the University of Reading the world's leading expert in Cybernetics Mainly interested in connecting human brain with machine brain.

10. Why Interested in this? Calculation Human Memory Limited Senses –Ultrasonic Singal –Infrared Signal –Ultraviolet Signal –X-ray-we convert it into Visual picture to understand

11. Cont..: 3 Dimension Limitation. –Example of 5 Dimension problem. Serial Communication -Can’t Communicate with more persons together.

13. Cyborg1.0 A Simple RFID transmitter being implanted in Mr. Warwick’s skin. It doesn’t carry any battery but it receives power through coil. And after that he used to control doors, lights, heaters and other computer- controlled devices based on his proximity. The main purpose of this experiment was to test the limit of the body would accept and how easy it would be to receive a meaningful signal from the chip.

14. How it Can be helpful?: It gives you a unique code. It is quite possible for an implant to replace an Access, Visa or bankers card An implant could carry huge amounts of data on an individual, such as National Insurance number and blood type, blood pressure

15. Cont..: clocked in and out of office automatically. Find the exact location of the person in the office. Useful for the car security. –Car remain disabled unless it recognized the unique signal from its owner.

17. Cyborg 2.0 In 2002 a one hundred electrode array was surgically implanted into the median nerve fibres of the left arm of Professor Kevin Warwick. A number of experiments have been carried out using the signals detected by the array. As a result of this professor warwick was able to control light, electric wheel chair and an intelligent artificial hand.

18. Cont..: As this implantation goes success one chip is implanted into his wife’s median nerve. Result

19. Future work: Robot will be controlled by a biological brain. brain to brain communication For that brain implant is required.

20. In the field of medical technology, devices known as prosthetics have been developed to replace or aid failing body parts. Prosthetic devices have been created to assist and restore an alarming variety of body parts, including skeletal and joint, organs (cardiovascular, kidney, cell) neural (brain, vision, auditory), and aesthetic or cosmetic.

21. What will humans gain from advances in cyborg technology? Will these benefits be worth the potential risks? In order to answer these questions we will explore some data from various sources on heart failure, kidney disease and assisted technology devices.

22. Heart failure is estimated to afflict approximately 5 million Americans. This number is expected to double within the next five years. Heart failure causes or contributes to an estimated 290,000 deaths per year. According to the National Kidney Foundation, “20 million Americans - 1 in 9 US adults - have CKD(chronic kidney disease) and another 20 million more are at increased risk”

23. With the aid of cyborg technologies, humans gain the ability to prolong their lives and assist otherwise failing parts of the body. In 2001 the FDA approved a new type of pace maker that sends specially timed electric impulses to the heart's lower chambers. “Medtronic studied use of the device in 579 patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure at 44 medical centers in the U.S. and Canada… Overall, the majority of the patients in whom the pacemaker was turned on showed improvement in either quality of life scores, distance they were able to walk or their heart failure classification. Approximately one third of patients in the control group also saw improvement

24. The benefits of cyborg technology are vast and are expanding, and are helping people live normal lives and in some cases give a human a better advantage physically. a tiny digital video camera replaced the eyes of a blind man Brain stem and cochlear implants enable deaf people to hear again