1. DATA and STATISTICS … at your service! S.Mowers & the GSG team ©2009, University of Ottawa

2. Professor E. Diem Outline Introduction –Data and statistics (quantitative information) –Sources of quantitative information –How to cite Statistics Canada Products Surveys –Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Surveys ? –Canadian Community Health Survey and other health and related surveys Access to related Health Statistics - Various sources …

3. Professor E. Diem INTRODUCTION

4. Professor E. Diem Type of Data, 1 Administrative and Registry Data –For example, hospitals: care, (e.g., admittances, duration of stays), disease… health centres: services, disease –And includes vital statistics (births, deaths, marriages, …) –WHO was the first person to collect hospital administrative data?

5. Professor E. Diem Florence Nightingale –During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale collected data on sanitation practices and hospital mortality rates, and later she created the Model Hospital Statistical Form. –She was named a fellow to the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 …

6. Professor E. Diem Type of Data, 2 Survey Data (including household surveys, e.g., through Statistics Canada) 100% –The Census of Population (every five years) Population Samples –The Canadian Community Health Survey –The National Population Health Survey etc. etc. The academic community has data access through the Data Liberation Initiative with Statistics Canada, (contact Susan), and to CIHI data by individual request, (Web site to follow).

7. Professor E. Diem Quantitative Information: WHAT DOES IT COVER? Clearly defined measured information for: Behaviour, health, demography, beliefs, community and political affiliations, … e.g., smoking frequency, illness, age, births, ethnic background, social belonging, beliefs, e.g., of safety, political, perception of wellness In health terms, these can be referred to as health status indicators and health determinants

8. Professor E. Diem Quantitative information, looking at POPULATIONS… For defined populations, the quantitative information –Is representative of the Canadian population – i.e., populations (samples)… of significant size, of representative demographic breakdowns, and of representative geographic areas –Comes with documentation of the sampling or observation methodology –Responding or observed individual = One observation OR = Respondent x OR = Case x In the data

9. Professor E. Diem the Census (100% survey) From your mailbox: May 16, 2006 … to coffee break talk September 13, 2007, Married people now in the minority; For the first time in Canada, most adults are not legally wed, census shows…more people are choosing common law over marriage.

10. Professor E. Diem From Data to Statistics 000031214110011982001212222221002098200121222 222401121111241112121112205020197111971021212 222225211026121204300140955720411313022111999 901978787879702221411271412400315000616611232 222222221111172626162212222666666636212000 000041100110011101102122222221002009200212222 222021111111231212111211208120193811938044122 222221111052201203901007504721031191012233520 406058787870304221303420708300400001420007111 222122211721575656565555555666666656565000 Person / Observation 1 Person 2 Raw coded data (confidential)Anonymized data (PUMF) Statistics Summarized/aggregate data (Statistics)

11. Professor E. Diem From Data to Statistics 000031214110011982001212222221002098200121222 222401121111241112121112205020197111971021212 222225211026121204300140955720411313022111999 901978787879702221411271412400315000616611232 222222221111172626162212222666666636212000 000041100110011101102122222221002009200212222 222021111111231212111211208120193811938044122 222221111052201203901007504721031191012233520 406058787870304221303420708300400001420007111 222122211721575656565555555666666656565000 Person 1 Person 2 Raw coded data (confidential)Anonymized data (PUMF) Statistics Summarized/aggregate data (Statistics) Data Liberation Initiatve COOL RDC Public

12. Professor E. Diem In other words, Statistics come from… … DATA Data are processed to become Statistics Person 1…2

13. Professor E. Diem Statistics in the Popular Press … August 02, 2007 OFFICIAL SOURCE GIVEN in article Obesity has spread across North America over the last couple of generations like a virus… from 1979 to 2004, the prevalence of obesity in Canadian adults went from 14 per cent to 23 per cent.

14. Professor E. Diem On the Web from an Official Source The Daily, Statistics Canada, July 6, 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey Obesity among children and adults, 2004 Obesity rates among children and adults have increased substantially during the past 25 years, according to new results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which directly measured the height and weight of respondents…

15. Professor E. Diem Assessing Statistical Sources Who is collecting the data? –What is their reputation for accuracy and objectivity ? Can you review their data and methodology ? Does the provider make the informaton available? Who is the sponsor of the data collection? –What is their agenda? E.g., the National Rifle Association or a toothpaste manufacturer have defined agendas

16. Professor E. Diem Statistics in (peer-reviewed) Research Literature John Cairney, Neal Krause. The Social Distribution of Psychological Distress and Depression in Older Adults Method: Secondary data analysis of the 1994 National Population Health Survey.

17. Professor E. Diem Official Statistical Agencies Governments and international agencies produce a lot of statistics Most governments have an official agency to carry surveys, gather data (e.g., from the provinces, analyse data, develop statistical products and publish their results E.g.: –Statistics Canada –U.S. Census Bureau –Office for National Statistics (UK) The University of Ottawa is a member of the Data Liberation Initiative – DLI between the Library and Statistics Canada

18. Professor E. Diem OFFICIAL STATISTICAL SOURCES Major Government Departments and Agencies Publishing Studies and Information on Health* Health Canada…Health Canada Public Health Agency of Canada Statistics Canada …– Analytical Studies Canadian Institute for Health Information Provincial/Territorial Ministries of Health Canadian Institutes of Health Research Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization *page thanks to T. Rokolj, U.Ottawa librarian, GSGWorld Health Organization

19. Professor E. Diem So, statistics can be presented in many ways, as… - a table of numbers, - a few numbers in a newspaper article etc, - a graph, * * see Graph types and …Graph types

20. Professor E. Diem … AS A MAP

21. Professor E. Diem How to Cite Statistics Canada products Main Web page http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/12-591- XIE2006001.htm http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/12-591- XIE2006001.htm

22. Professor E. Diem Part II: SURVEYS

23. Professor E. Diem Survey Datasets Browse the DLI survey collection on the Web including questionnaires, abstracts and data codebooks for the Public- Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) Available DLI surveys (Browse)

24. And more about Get data on … http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?pid=14807&sid=99466 Professor E. Diem

25. Longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys…? Longitudinal surveys –Longitudinal surveys follow the same panel of respondents over time, allowing the researcher to follow many health factors whether changes to health, or health determinants such as smoking … National Population Health Survey (Statistics Canada) and others including the.. National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Statistics Canada) Cross-sectional surveys –Surveys of a sample at ONE given point in time –Most Statistics Canada surveys, including the Census and Post-censal surveys, are cross-sectional surveys –DLI gives access to surveys as cross-sectional files, including some cross- sectional files from longitudinal surveys

26. Professor E. Diem Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.Largest health survey in Canada, Over 131,000 respondents from more than approximately 140 health regions (from 2001-Current). Cross-sectional survey. 2.Very detailed data on health status and health system (e.g., access/use), and correlates of health including economic, social, occupational, demographic and environmental indicators; 3.Statistics Canada publishes extensive CCHS statistics in various products including Health Indicators, a database of statistical tables (to be demonstrated); 4.Special CCHS topics now all included in one survey (issued every 2 years) 2002 (cycle 1.2): Mental Health and Well-Being, 2004 (cycle 2.2): Nutrition …

27. Professor E. Diem Canadian survey data are available through all six points of access, from the basics, to detailed, for example, health surveys: Confidential Data (COOL RDC) Confidential Data (Remote) PUMF (Custom Tabulations) PUMF (DLI) Health Indicators & Health Reports (DSP/Web) Summary Tables (Web Statistics) CCHS/NPHS Surveys

28. Professor E. Diem And hundreds of potentially relevant surveys General Social Surveys annual topics, aging, social support, health (1985 and 1991) etc 2001 Post-censal Surveys (every 10 years) Aboriginal People’s Survey 2001 Includes health topics Participation and Activity Limitation Survey 2001 Disabilities Ethnic Diversity Survey 2001 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) – Tracks changes in smoking status, especially for populations most at risk, such as the 15 to 24 year olds. National Population Health Survey (NPHS), 1994/95-Current - longitudinal National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY/Kids survey) And many more, including other countries’ surveys and international surveys

29. Professor E. Diem Part III: ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS

30. Professor E. Diem Note Ask: Who collected and who sponsored the data collection? Can you identify how the data sources were collected and what and how the data was being measured? Official, sector/trade, academic and popular sources have differing levels of authority … further supported or refuted by the answers to the questions above

31. Professor E. Diem ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS - 1 These statistics covers both survey and administrative data

32. Professor E. Diem ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS StatCan Web site : - the Web site many access points ! THEREFORE WE HAVE A SUBJECT GUIDE for HEALTH STATISTICS - some public and some restricted sources on the site - we will start with the simple sources providing just a few general numbers, to detailed statistical tables and sources of statistical commentary and analysis Others : - Search CANSIM (via E-STAT) restricted (DLI/DSP) from Statistics Canada - Health Canada (public health) summaries of mostly administrative public health data … and don’t forget academic sources

33. Professor E. Diem Strategies for finding health stats (1) Look for a few numbers –the subject guide: Population Health Statistics (three examples) (2) Look for more detailed statistical tables –Find Statistics By subject (Statistics Canada) –Health Indicators (advanced statistical tables) –Search CANSIM via E-STAT (advanced statistical tables) –A Profile of Disability in Canada (3) Cross-tabulate health determinants and health outcomes –book a demo with Susan (4) Search for more detailed statistical commentary and analysis, will include statistical tables –General comments and GSG reference services

34. Professor E. Diem Overview – what’s where on Public Web sites Look for a few numbers –Summary tables (Statistics Canada) –The Daily (Statistics Canada) –Health in Canada (Statistics Canada) including Health Profile Look for more detailed statistical tables –Find Statistics By subject (Statistics Canada) –Health Indicators (Health Canada and Statistics Canada sources) –Search CANSIM via E-STAT (Health Canada and Statistics Canada sources) –Health Surveillance (Health Canada) Further search for more detailed statistical commentary and analysis, will include statistical tables

35. Professor E. Diem Strategy 1 LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT NUMBERS (a) Health Summary Tables

36. Get Health Statistical Tables Professor E. Diem http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963 Starting with Getting a Few Numbers …

37. Professor E. Diem a) Select Health Summary tables http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963

38. Major Health Summary Tables Professor E. Diem

39. All Statistics Canada Summary tables Professor E. Diem http://www40.statcan.ca/z01/cs0002-eng.htm

40. Professor E. Diem #2, Search (e.g., “smokers”) … OR …

41. Professor E. Diem #3 Browse Health subheadings… one subject, “smoking”, can have 2 aspects

42. Professor E. Diem #4, Select table …

43. Professor E. Diem Strategy 1 continued … LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT NUMBERS (b) The Daily

44. Professor E. Diem a) Select The Daily http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963

45. Professor E. Diem #5, View table in full This table only displays to Ont., click on a province after Ont. to display 2 nd table

46. Professor E. Diem Strategy 1 LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT NUMBERS (b) The Daily

47. Professor E. Diem Strategy 1 … SEARCH FOR A FEW NUMBERS IN (b) The Daily

48. Professor E. Diem Searching Formulate a question (What statistics can I find on mental illness?) ↓ Identify key concepts mental illness ↓ Use OR to combine like concepts e.g. illness OR ill OR disorder OR disease ↓ Use AND to combine key concepts e.g., mental* AND (illness or ill or disorder or disease)

49. Professor E. Diem Search The Daily … for synopses 1995 to today http://www.statcan.ca/english/dai-quo/

50. Professor E. Diem A few numbers and commentary…

51. Professor E. Diem Strategy 1 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (c) Health in Canada

52. Health in Canada Professor E. Diem

53. Health Profile ! Professor E. Diem

54. Strategy 2 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (c) Find Statistics By subject

55. Professor E. Diem Statistics by Subject page http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subject-sujet/index.action?&lang=eng

56. Professor E. Diem Here are some relevant health-related subjects to consider … (Births and deaths)

57. Professor E. Diem EXPLORE Statistics by Subject pages …

58. Professor E. Diem EXPLORE STATISTICAL TABLES e.g., preview of CANSIM tables of interest …

59. Professor E. Diem Description of table

60. Professor E. Diem EXPLORE STATISTICAL TABLES e.g., preview sample download page … ($$$ INSTEAD use a free version later to access this CANSIM table)

61. Professor E. Diem

62. Finish previewing and save your sources, or in case of CANSIM table, note down your Table number, e.g., 105-0112

63. Professor E. Diem Strategy 2 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (b) Health Indicators

64. Professor E. Diem Library Population Health Statistics page http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964 http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964

65. Professor E. Diem #1, View

66. Professor E. Diem #2, Data tables and maps

67. Professor E. Diem #3 Index to tables page

68. Professor E. Diem Strategy 2 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (c) Search CANSIM via E-STAT

69. Professor E. Diem Library Population Health Statistics page http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964 http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964

70. Professor E. Diem #1, Connect now…

71. Professor E. Diem Off campus access to E-Stat 1.Enter your library access account user name Your user name is the prefix of your uottawa.ca e-mail account, e.g., bsmi072 for bsmi072@uottawa.ca 2. Enter your password The password is the following format: YYMMDD?? where ?? represents the two last numbers of your social insurance number and YYMMDD represents your date of birth.

72. Professor E. Diem #2, Search CANSIM

73. Professor E. Diem #3, Many access options, see CANSIM by survey

74. Professor E. Diem “CANSIM by survey”, sort alphabetically… …example of rich content

75. Professor E. Diem #4, Search by table number

76. Professor E. Diem #5 Select your items working down the screen DEMO

77. Professor E. Diem #6, sample results

78. Professor E. Diem For researchers particularly interested in details of CANSIM tables … download Beyond 20/20 optional but recommended Click here

79. Professor E. Diem Strategy 2 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (d) [Public] Health Surveillance

80. Professor E. Diem Public Health Surveillance http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963

81. Professor E. Diem Example, Disease Surveillance Online breakdowns by : age, sex, provinces, time

82. Professor E. Diem Strategy 2 LOOK FOR MORE DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES (e) A Profile of Disability in Canada 2001

83. Get Statistical Tables on Disabilities Professor E. Diem http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963

84. Professor E. Diem Strategy 3: Further search for more detailed statistical commentary and analysis

85. Professor E. Diem Use your power searching everwhere! For example, on StatCan’s search (Advanced Search) feature… http://www.statcan.gc.ca/search-recherche/adv-ava-eng.htmhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/search-recherche/adv-ava-eng.htm

86. Professor E. Diem For Statistics Canada publications (commentary and analysis) or more generally … Further browsing Index of downloadable Statistics Canada publications

87. Professor E. Diem research assistance at your service! Appointments welcomed Susan Mowers and GSG Team Morisset Library 3 rd Floor smowers@uottawa.ca 613-562-5800 Extension 3634 AND THANK YOU!