1. The Labor Movement

2. Standard
SS.912.A.3.2-Industrial Revolution: Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the Second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century
SS.912.A.3.9: Examine causes, course, and consequences of the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

3. Worker Problems Impersonal Conditions Long Hours
Boring, Repetitive tasks
Low wages
Child labor
Periodic unemployment
Lack of opportunity for advancement
Unpleasant living conditions

4. Workers organize
Because the work required little skill, workers could easily be replaced
The only was to achieve better conditions seemed to be through worker organization
Organizations were called labor unions

5. Purpose of Labor Unions
To obtain higher wages and better working conditions
“Mutual Aid” societies
To place pressure on Government

6. National Labor
As industries nationalized, labor leaders wanted unions to nationalize
The Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor were two early national labor unions

7. Knights of Labor Founded by Terrence Powederly in 1869
Both skilled and unskilled workers could join
African Americans, women, farmers welcomed

8. Demands 8 hour work day Higher wages Safety codes No child labor
No convict labor
Equal pay for women
Restrictions on immigration

9. By 1886 they had 700,000 members
Too big, too loose=not effective
Unsuccessful strikes led to members leaving

10. American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1881
Network of craft unions, only skilled workers
No women and a few allowed African A.
By 1900 it has 1 million members

11. Demands
8 hour workday
Higher pay
Better conditions
Closed shop policy

12. Tactics of Labor
Strike
Picket Line
Strike Fund

13. Tactics of Management Strike-breakers (scabs)
Managers-could fire workers
Lockout
Yellow dog contracts-not join union
Blacklisting
Pinkertons
Injunction

14. Role of Government Favored management for these reasons:
Unions were small
Role was to protect private property
Public opinion against unions
Unions seemed dangerous un-American
Business contributed to campaign
Laissez faire
Anti-strike

15. Great Railroad Strike
Haymarket Riot
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike

16. Ideology-system of related beliefs and ideas about people, society and government

17. Rise of Ideologies Capitalists Social Darwinists Communist Socialists
Anarchist