1. Fertile Crescent Empires Chapter 2 Section 2

2. The Babylonian Empire Empire: – An area of many territories and peoples that is controlled by one government. Gained great wealth form trade and agriculture. King Hammurabi – Created the Babylonian empire in 1787 B.C. – He conquered cities in Sumer. Babylon: – Was the capital of the Babylonian empire.

4. The Babylonian Empire They Built roads throughout the empire. – Made travel easier. – Encouraged trade. Their location was a hot spot for trade. Caravans: – Groups of travelers. Bazaars: – Markets. Could buy goods from all over: – Cotton cloth from India. – Spices from Egypt. Fell in 1500 B.C.

5. Check for Understanding Question: Who was Hammurabi, and what did he accomplish? Answer: Was a Babylonian king who created the Empire by conquering the cities of Sumer and the lands far too the North.

6. The Assyrians Skilled Warriors. 650 B.C. – Empire stretched across the Fertile Crescent, from the Nile River to the Persian Gulf.

7. Assyria’s Contributions Invented the Battering Ram. – A wooden beam mounted on wheels. Warriors used Slings, to hurl at the enemies. Archers wore armor and helmets for protection. Had armed Charioteers – To plow through their enemies.

8. The Downfall of Assyria They had few friends. Revolts occurred from the people they conquered. 2 Groups: –Medes. –Chaldeans. –Joined together to defeat the Assyrian Empire in 612 B.C.

9. Check for Understanding Question: – What were the strengths of the Assyrian Empire? Answer: They were Skilled Warriors. Had advanced techniques of warfare. Their Capital Nineveh was a center of learning.

10. Babylonia Rises Again Chaldeans bring great prosperity to the Kingdom. Controlled the entire FERTILE CRESCENT.

11. King Nebuchadnezzar II Rebuilt the City. Massive walls surrounded the city. Built Palace – Decorated with colorful tiles. – 350 feet high – Filled with gardens. – Built it all for his wife.

12. Advances in Learning Center of Learning and Science. Astronomers: – Charted the paths of Stars. – Measured the Length of a Year. Farmers: – Raised the “Flies that collect Honey”

13. Check for Understanding Question: –Who was Nebuchadnez zar II? Question: –Who was Nebuchadnez zar II? Answer: –He was the King of Babylon. –He rebuilt the city after the Assyrians destroyed it. Answer: –He was the King of Babylon. –He rebuilt the city after the Assyrians destroyed it.

14. The Persian Empire 539 B.C. – Cyrus the Great. conquered Babylonia. – Spared the City. Originated: – East of Mesopotamia in present day Iran. 490 B.C.: – Empire stretched from Greece (west) to India (east)

15. Persian Rule Zoroastrianism: – Ancient Persian Religion. – Worshipped 1 God. Bureaucracy: – Complex structure of government offices. Built Road networks across their Empire which allowed for Trade. Tolerated all cultures: – Freed Jews who were held captive in Babylon. Supported Babylonian Science and Mathematics. Lasting Influence: – Spread of trade, religion, system of Bureaucracy, and Sciences to all people.

16. Check for Understanding Question: How did the Persians Promote Trade? Question: How did the Persians Promote Trade? Answer: They built roads that enabled trade with neighboring civilizations. Answer: They built roads that enabled trade with neighboring civilizations.