1. Is war necessary? Explain your answer.

2. Chapter 7 Military Empires

3. Empire – territory governed by a single ruler or nation Assyrian s Chaldeans Persians Empires

4. Through conquest and trade… Ideas and customs are spread! Ideas and customs are spread!

5. Assyria 746 – 609 B.C. Assyria 746 – 609 B.C.

6. Chaldean (Babylonian) 609 – 569 B.C. Chaldean (Babylonian) 609 – 569 B.C.

7. Persian 550 – 330 B.C. Persian 550 – 330 B.C.

8. The Assyrians Section 1

9. The Assyrians 1000 years after Hammurabi Same language and writing system as Babylonians warriors 1000 years after Hammurabi Same language and writing system as Babylonians warriors

10. Influenced by Geography: Geography did not provide protection Shepherds and farmers learned to fight Way of life Geography did not provide protection Shepherds and farmers learned to fight Way of life

12. The Assyrian Army 1100 B.C. – defeated neighboring enemies 800 B.C. – took over throughout Mesopotamia Well-organized Foot soldiers, chariots, archers 1100 B.C. – defeated neighboring enemies 800 B.C. – took over throughout Mesopotamia Well-organized Foot soldiers, chariots, archers

13. Why did Assyrians only fight in the summer (at first)? They were not planting and harvesting They were not planting and harvesting

14. Grew to have full- time soldiers Hired soldiers from other places or forced conquered people to serve Grew to have full- time soldiers Hired soldiers from other places or forced conquered people to serve

15. Iron Weapons Assyria was powerful because of iron weapons 1400 B.C. – Hittites developed a way to make iron stronger… Smelting – heated iron, hammered out impurities, and rapidly cooled it Assyria was powerful because of iron weapons 1400 B.C. – Hittites developed a way to make iron stronger… Smelting – heated iron, hammered out impurities, and rapidly cooled it

16. Assyrians were cruel WARRIORS: Spread destruction Destroyed conquered cities with fire and carried away citizens and goods Resistance was punished Spread destruction Destroyed conquered cities with fire and carried away citizens and goods Resistance was punished

17. If no resistance – paid taxes Sometimes Assyrians conquered without fighting. If no resistance – paid taxes Sometimes Assyrians conquered without fighting. How? Spread stories About cruelty! Spread stories About cruelty!

21. Kings and Governments Ruled from Persian Gulf to Nile Valley Spent time fighting battles and punishing enemies Ruled from Persian Gulf to Nile Valley Spent time fighting battles and punishing enemies

22. Ashurbanipal Built one of world’s first libraries 25,000 tablets of hymns, stories, biographies (written in Sumerian and Babylonian – learned to read Sumerian) Built one of world’s first libraries 25,000 tablets of hymns, stories, biographies (written in Sumerian and Babylonian – learned to read Sumerian)

23. Last great Assyrian King Divided empire into provinces (political districts) Provinces were ran by officials Last great Assyrian King Divided empire into provinces (political districts) Provinces were ran by officials

24. Government Officials were responsible for… Collecting taxes Making sure laws were obeyed Collecting taxes Making sure laws were obeyed

25. Assyrian Empire Empire was connected by roads Capital was Nineveh 612 B.C. – Chaldeans captured Nineveh Empire was connected by roads Capital was Nineveh 612 B.C. – Chaldeans captured Nineveh

26. What led to the fall of the Assyrian Empire? It became too large and had too many enemies! It became too large and had too many enemies!