1. AP Psycho logy Science of Psychology Objective: Describe descriptive research studies taking into account random sampling and applicable biases.

2. Hello! Happy Thursday!!! Spend 3-5 minutes sharing what’s going on with your experiment with 2-3 people sitting around you. Come up with 1 question that you have about the experiment to share with the class.

3. Experiment Check In Academic Article—how to find one and what to do with it once you’ve found it. See white board for example and more info.

4. We are here The Science of Psychology Approaches to Psych Growth of Psych Research Methods Statistics DescriptiveExperiment Case Study Survey Naturalistic Observation DescriptiveInferential Ethics Sampling Central Tendency Variance Correlation Careers

5. Describe descriptive research studies – Naturalistic Observation Naturalistic Observation Observer Bias Can not replicate or generalize – Case Studies Case Studies Can not replicate or generalize Outline

7. 3 Types of Descriptive Research 1.Naturalistic Observation 2.Survey 3.Case Studies

8. Naturalistic Observation What is it? A descriptive research method involving the systematic study of animal or human behavior in natural settings rather than the laboratory Huh? Researcher describes the behavior of the human or animal in their natural settings

9. Naturalistic Observation Strengths – The behavior is more natural than if they were in the lab Weaknesses – Can not replicate. Replication involves the process of repeating a study using the same methods, different subjects, and different experimenters. If you can’t replicate you can’t retest the results or apply them to new situations to see just how generalizable it is. – Can not generalize (apply them to new situations) your findings. – Observer bias - occurs when the observers (or researcher team) know the goals of the study or the hypotheses and allow this knowledge to influence their observations during the study

10. Naturalistic Observations

11. Case Studies What is it? Study of a single individual or just a few individuals in order to describe their situation. Purpose? Take advantage of situation that you can not replicate (make happen again) How? Gather as much evidence as you can: Observation, scores on psychological tests, interviews, medical records etc. Outline

12. Case Studies Strengths: – Takes advantage of nonreplicable situations – You get a lot of in-depth understanding Weaknesses: – Observer bias is a problem – Can not generalize (apply your findings to other individuals or groups) – Can not replicate

13. Two most famous case studies in psychology Phineas Gage Genie

14. The Lost Children of Rockdale County Case Study of a syphilis epidemic at a high school in an affluent suburb of Atlanta

15. Henrietta Lacks Short Video on the HeLa cellsVideo This is an amazing case study!

16. Comparison Research Method AdvantagesLimitations Naturalistic Observation More accurate than reports after the fact Behavior is more natural Observer can alter behavior Observer Bias Not generalizable Case Studies Depth Takes advantage of circumstances that can not be replicated Not generalizable Time consuming and expensive Observational Bias Surveys Immense amount of data Quick and inexpensive Generalizable Replicable Poor sampling can skew results Wording Effect Social Desirability Bias