1. 4.1 An Age of Ideologies

2. Ideology A system of thought and belief

3. Conservatives Prefer the traditional way of doing things Change only for very compelling reasons In 19 th century Europe = –Restore monarchy –Class system – lower classes respect & obey upper classes –Established or state church

4. Liberals Inspired by Enlightenment & French Revolution ideals Want govt. based on written constitution & separation of powers Want rulers elected by & responsible to people Defend natural rights = liberty, equality, property Support hands-off economics – laissez faire

5. Nationalists Want to unify people with a common heritage in separate states Common heritage gives sense of identity Sometimes leads to intolerance & persecution of different peoples In 19 th century Europe –Serbia obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire –Greece obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire

6. Comparison LiberalsIssuesConservatives Male property owners Who should rule Monarch & nobles Protect rts. of liberty & property Goals of Govt. Stability & order Republic with constitution, separation of powers Form of Govt. Monarchy Laissez faireEconomyNoble-controlled Freedom of religionReligionEstablished church