1. CHEMICAL PATTERNS Module 3

2. By the end of this lesson I should be able to…….. ► Describe the structure of the atom. ► Understand that the nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons. ► Know there are about 100 different atoms ► Know that the number of protons in an atom is the same as the number of electrons ► Be able to identify key groups of elements from the Periodic Table

3. Using Power Point ► If it is written in white – it should be in my exercise book! ► If it is written in red – it need not be in my exercise book.

4. The Atom

5. ► Everything is made from atoms. ► The centre of each atom contains a nucelus.

6. The Atom ► If one atom was the size of Wembley stadium. ► The nucleus would be smaller than the centre spot in the middle of the football pitch. ► The outside of the atom would be outside the stadium walls!

7. The Atom

8. ► Atoms themselves are made from three parts. ► Neutrons ► Protons ► Electrons

9. The Atom ► Neutrons are neutral ► They have no electric charge. ► Each neutrons weighs 1 ATOMIC MASS UNIT (AMU)

10. The Atom ► Protons have a positive charge ► Electric charges can be either negative or positive. ► Each proton weighs 1 ATOMIC MASS UNIT (AMU)

11. The Atom ► Electrons have a negative charge ► One electron will always cancel out the charge on one proton. ► Each electron has only a very tiny mass (1/1800 th AMU) ► Electrons can not be seen – they are just too small!

12. The Atom ► Protons and neutrons are found in the atoms nucleus. ► The electrons orbit around the nucleus. ► The electrons never remain still – they constantly move.

13. The Atom ► We know a lot about the way in which atoms are put together. ► We know how many protons, neutrons and electrons each type of atoms has.

14. The Atom ► The smallest atom is HYDROGEN (H) ► H has one electron and one proton. ► H has no neutrons ► You can not have anything smaller because you must have at least one electron and one proton to form and atom.

15. The Atom ► Here are the details of the smallest 10 atoms.

16. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons

17. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110

18. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 4

19. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334

20. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444

21. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556

22. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556 CarbonC6666

23. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556 CarbonC6666 NitrogenN7777

24. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556 CarbonC6666 NitrogenN7777 OxygenO8888

25. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556 CarbonC6666 NitrogenN7777 OxygenO8888 FluorineF99910

26. NameSymbol Atomic number No. of protons No. of electrons No. of neutrons HydrogenH1110 HeliumHe2222 LithiumLi3334 BeryliumBe4444 BoronB5556 CarbonC6666 NitrogenN7777 OxygenO8888 FluorineF99910 NeonNe10101010

27. KEY POINTS ► An atom ALWAYS has the same number of protons as electrons. ► An element’s atomic number is the same as its number of protons (and number of electrons) ► All the atoms that are know to exist can be shown in the Periodic Table

28. The Periodic Table

30. Video

33. The alkali metals

35. The halogens

37. The noble gases

38. The alkali metals ► Lithium, Li ► Sodium, Na ► Potassium, K ► Rubidium, Rb ► Caesium, Cs

39. The halogens ► Fluorine, F ► Chlorine, Cl ► Bromine, Br ► Iodine, I

40. The noble gases ► Neon, Ne ► Argon, Ar ► Krypton, Kr ► Xenon, Xe