1. TOPIC: Ions
Do Now:
In a neutral atom, the # of Protons equals the # of ___________
2. Mass Number = ____________________
3. The charge of the nucleus is always______
4. How do you calculate the number of
neutrons?
What is the overall charge of an ion that
has 12 protons, 10 electrons and
14 neutrons?_____________

2. IONS Atoms without charge are called ATOMS (they are neutral)
Atoms with positive or negative charge are called
IONS

3. WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE 1+
neutral

4. WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE 2
neutral

5. Metals lose electrons – they become positive ions
Nonmetals gain electrons – they become negative ions

6. WHO CARES ABOUT IONS?!

7. Ions are important for your body (we call them electrolytes
ions make up the salt you put on your eggs in the morning - and many other compounds
Ions are important for your body (we call them electrolytes
Kidneys keep electrolyte concentration in the blood constant
When you sweat you lose K+ and Na+
So you drink sports drinks
Important to carry electrical impulses from the brain
Nerve impulses
Muscle contractions
As for your body, the major electrolytes are as follows:
sodium (Na1+)
potassium (K1+)
chloride (Cl1-)
calcium (Ca2+)
magnesium (Mg2+)
bicarbonate (HCO3+)
phosphate (PO42-)
sulfate (SO42-)

8. It has to do with valance electrons!
Why?!?!?!?!?!?!
sodium (Na1+)
potassium (K1+)
chloride (Cl1-)
calcium (Ca2+)
magnesium (Mg2+)
bicarbonate (HCO3+)
sulfate (SO42-)
It has to do with valance electrons!

9. Elements in same column have similar chemical properties
Valence Electrons
Chemical behavior determined by # valence electrons
Elements with same # valence electrons will have similar chemical properties
Elements in same column have similar chemical properties

10. Going Down Column 1: 2-8-18-32-18-8-1 Fr 7 2-8-18-18-8-1 Cs 6 Rb 5 K 4
2-8-1 Na 3
2-1 Li 2 1 H
Configuration
Element
Period

12. Electron configuration 2-7 Inner electrons (kernel electrons) = 2
Valance electrons = 7
When predicting how Fluorine (F) will react, all we care about are the 7 valence electrons

13. Predicting Reactions
Octet Rule: Everyone wants to be a noble gas. The noble gases are PERFECT! They have a full outer shell
(8 valance electrons)
2-8
2-8-8
All elements must have a full outer shell in order to react, so they either take or share valence electrons.
Atoms are lazy (like you!) and they don’t want to do too much work. If they have 1,2,or 3 valence electrons, they will lose them rather than searching for 5,6,or 7 to fill their shell
1,2,3 valence electrons = lose
5,6,7 valence electrons = gain
Remember 2 on the first shell is full

14. Let’s Practice Electron # of e- New e “Like” which
Element Configuration lost/gained Charge Config Noble Gas Be Al S Ba Br Rb
2-2
Lost 2
Be2+ 2 He
2-8-3
Lost 3
Al3+
2-8 Ne
2-8-6
Gain 2
S2-
2-8-8 Ar
Lost 2
Ba2+ Xe
Gain 1
Br1- Kr
Lost 1
Rb1+ Kr

15. Transition Metals